Accessorize Your Casual Look Essay -- tone, comfortable, rules, shape

For many women casual fashion is a case of not knowing where to start. The proper sorts of foundation items to create your cause signature cypher can be difficult to pick out. Luckily, getting started is not too difficult, no matter your level of fashion knowledge. The first, best and besides hard rule of causal fashion is to start big and work to small. This philosophy means you start with the largest items worn, your clothing. Work up to the accessories like shoes and bags. ending details like jewelry and makeup are the small items. They are added last and should not be the centerpiece of the outfit. Begin by taking a look at your skin tone and hair color. Are you warm or cool? An easy test is the flamboyant or silver check. If gold suits you, you are warm. If silver suits you, you are cool. This is true no matter how dark or light skinned you are. Cool toned people will look best in silvers, blues, grays, pastels, despatch-white, purples and spring greens and earth tones. Th ey are the colors of nature in spring and winter. Warm toned people carry off reds, true whites, yellows and oranges, g...

Wordsworth and Vaughan Essay -- Poetry Wordsworth Vaughan Essays

Wordsworth and VaughanWhen reading T.S. Eliots critical comment, It is to be observed that the run-in of these poets is as a rule simple and pure, one might assume that he was referring to the Ro patchtics (Eliot 2328). Specifically, we could apply this statement to poets the ilk of Wordsworth, who eschewed poetical affectations and tricked out language for sentiments that originated and flowed of course (Wordsworth 270). Yet Eliot hadnt focused his critical eye there, this time. Rather, he squinted a century back to a lesser-referenced literary group, the Metaphysical poets (Eliot 2328). That the Metaphysical poets and the Romantics share a characteristically simple/natural diction is important. While they are undoubtedly distinct schools, if we can show that they are even remotely stylistically similar, and then we might see grounds to acknowledge similarities between a poet from each, respectively. Thus, I propose considering Wordsworth in relation to an earlier man, He nry Vaughan. I am not the first to do so much has been said of the link between these men regarding their analogous poems The Retreat and Ode Intimations of Immortalityby comparing them I cannot claim every original insight. However, there is more common to these two men than two poems, and in analyzing what Wordsworth desires from poetry and the poet in his Preface to the Lyrical Ballads we see that Vaughan had many of the poetic qualities Wordsworth demanded of himself. Even more interesting, Wordsworths shifted perspective from Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey to the Elegiac Stanza replicates Vaughans shift from To Amoret to The Night. Where Vaughans verse originally addressed worldly dearest and natural ... ...h happiness, wherever it be known, / Is to be pitied for tis surely blind (lines 53-56). In these lines, Wordsworth finally counsels that the human world is actually not so near-sighted. Rather, when a man assumes himself separate from mankindw hen he reinforces that separationhe actually blinds himself. So finally, the comparison between Vaughan and Wordsworth is not absolute. However, sorting through the words of men whove been drained for centuries for evidence of a literary association beyond mere coincidence is never and easy undertaking. But let us assume that, if Wordsworth was right, both he and Vaughan shared universal human experiences. Perhaps, upon reaching a certain middle age, they also shared fear and awe of the conditions of their mortalityand if one may have looked to the others words for poetic guidance, the poetic genre is better for it.

Been Trees :: essays research papers

The Bean Trees In the novel The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, galore(postnominal) social issues are discussed. One social issue that is turn to is adoption. Adopting a child is an experience that promises to bring great joy as it changes a couple or individuals life forever. Adoption offers a chance at anew beginning for many children previously cared for by orphanages and foster homes. Families constitute the building blocks of society. They provide children with the love and security undeniable to grow into healthy adults. This paper will discuss how Kingsolver illustrates adoptionin her novel. Taylor was sitting in Cynthias office with capsize. It was their third week of seeing her. overturn was talking again, after the incident in the park. As the history of Taylor and Turtle slowlybegan to seep out of Taylor, Cynthia has no choice but to inform Taylor that she has no legal claim to Turtle because she has no papers on Turtle. She cannot prove the way she got Turtle.Taylo r, felt that if she has no claim to Turtle then no cardinal else should either. The state ofArizona would take Turtle into custody. Taylor, depending on how long she had been a residentin the state, and depending on her income and stability, might be able to adopt Turtle in thefuture. Taylor does not know how to respond to this news. She is beginning to think that shewill not be a good mother for Turtle. Kingsolver expresses how people may land discouraged,but they are somehow encouraged by the people around them. She conveys this message throughthe way Taylor feels about her role in Turtles life. However, the people in her life help her torealize her love and need for this child. I believe this is a common problem faced by manypeople who want to adopt. They begin to doubt whether they would be good parents. They havemany questions that they need to consider. For example,will they feel like the childs parents? Orwould they litigate an adopted child differently than their birth ch ild? Most importantly, will theybe able to handle the emotions, if and when, their child wants to meet their birth family? Thesefears come between the questions and the answers. It thrives on the unknown. In most, the fear isturned around, as exemplified in Taylors case. Another scene that articulates adoption is the scene with Mr. Armistead. Taylor, Turtle,Estevan and Esperanza were all together.

The Iran Hostage Crisis Essay -- Diplomacy

President Carters New Years 1979 toast to the Shah at a state dinner party in Tehran, announcing that he was an island of stability in one of the more troubled areas of the world, set the tone of the stance the linked States had with the Shah which indicated support. This led to the trigger of The Iran guarantor Crisis that lasted 444 days, in which Carter allowed an ally, the unpopular Shah to flee to the New York to receive medical care for his cancer and escaping the Iranian Revolution. On November 4th 1979 student demonstrators raided the US Embassy in Tehran, capturing 66 Americans, in which 13 women and minority hostages were let go almost immediately and 1 ill man shortly after. The dislike the Iranian people had for the unify States began in the 1950s, whereas the United States became allies with non-communist regimes, regardless of their countrys people support. 1953 marked the USs decision to become an ally with the Shah, the leader of Iran. The United States tie with the Shah involved using Irans oil wealth for economic development, furthermore he purchased billions of dollars worth of weapons of security from the US. In 1979 the monarchy was overthrown by radical Islams that were supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini, a Shia Muslim religious scholar. The motive of the Iranian students was to demonstrate their rebellion against the Shah, in which their demand was the return of the Shah for trial then execution, additionally they asked that the US stay out of their countrys internal affairs. Carters approach imposed the protection of the American hostages but also ensuring the alliance with Iran, this had a banish response that affected him being reelected.Carter entered office in 1977, a crucial time of Americas... ...Annapolis, MD Naval Institute, 1985. Print. Smith, Steve. Policy Preferences and Bureaucratic Position The instance of the American Hostage Rescue Mission. International Affairs ( proud Institute of International Affairs 1944-) Vol . 61, No. 1 (Winter, 1984-1985), pp. 9-25 Published by Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Article Stable URL (JSTOR) Hollis, Martin and Smith, Steve. Roles and Reasons in Foreign Policy Decision Making. British Journal of Political Science. Vol. 16, No. 3 (Jul., 1986), pp. 269-286. Published by Cambridge University Press. Article Stable URL (JSTOR)Pbs. WGBH American Experience . Jimmy Carter . The Iranian Hostage Crisis PBS. PBS Public Broadcasting Service. 1996. Web. 07 Apr. 2011. .

Racism in the Video Skin Deep Essay -- Skin Deep Racism Racist Essays

Racism in the Video Skin Deep In the ideal earthly concern everybody is equal. In the real world there is racism. Situations stemming from racist feelings and conflicts between ethnic groups remains a serous problem. The video Skin Deep brought together college students of different races to express their feeling and beliefs well-nigh racism. The video supported the idea that the environment you are raised in is an influence on beliefs and feelings you might have towards other races. Daves grand start was a confederate. He grew up listening to his grandfather talk bad about other races. Daves best friend is Mexi green goddess, and he said he can not bring him around his grandparents. Marc comes from a good Italian family. His father has some strong views about people of other races. Marc adores his father, but hes not sure if he agrees with him. In fact, Marc loves to sing and when he joined in an all caustic gospel choir, he did not tell his father for several months. Most of the other students expressed that they had the same upbringing, to discriminate against other races. Even though it was wrong of our grandparents and parents to raise us in such an environment, I can understand why they did. Some of our grandparents lived in the days of slavery and war and had to deal with the experience first hand. Their experience is all they knew to teach their young. I think our generation can look past how we were brought up and recognize that it is wrong, and teach our children better. Tammy made a point that the black students at her initiate often did not get involved in events. She said that when she went to school meetings she made an attempt to sit by students of other races, when she tried to make friends with them by sitting next to them and making conversation, she could tell that they did not feel comfortable sitting next to her. This made her feel uncomfortable. The Black students felt that they were often left(a) out of groups and schoolSkin Deep 3events so they decided to have a graduation ceremony for Black students only. My first thought of this idea was that it was only split the races up even more. After listening to others thoughts in class I understood more why this was so special to the Black race. One reason was because for most of the students, they were the first to graduate in their family and that is something to take pride in. Judith is th... ...one of another race has the same opportunity as me. I do think I feel this way because I have not had to experience life as a person of a different race. Brian a black student, felt that White people think if one Black person does something bad, then all Black people do it. I overly think that the media, movies, and music play a big role in stereotyping. Stereotyping is something that most people do. I dont think it is done to scandalize people intentionally. Overall, I thought the video was good and the students expressed their opinions and feelings o penly and honestly. The video is pretty old and I do think that people are more accepting of other cultures, interracial marriages, and biracial people now. I might even say that I am ignorant to racism because I am not racist. Maybe I do not really see racism when it is right in front of me. Being a maintain I have patients of all races and cultures. I see my patients as equal humans. When I look at them, the color of their skin or their appearance is not important to me. What I see is a patient who is sick and unavoidablenesss my care. There is no one solution to racism in this country. We each need to contribute to the solution in our own way.

Racism in the Video Skin Deep Essay -- Skin Deep Racism Racist Essays

Racism in the Video Skin Deep In the ideal land everybody is equal. In the real world there is racism. Situations stemming from racist feelings and conflicts between ethnic groups remains a serous problem. The video Skin Deep brought together college students of different races to express their feeling and beliefs close to racism. The video supported the idea that the environment you argon raised in is an influence on beliefs and feelings you might have towards other races. Daves grand laminitis was a confederate. He grew up listening to his grandfather talk bad about other races. Daves best friend is Mexi backside, and he said he can non bring him around his grandparents. Marc comes from a good Italian family. His father has some strong views about people of other races. Marc adores his father, but hes not sure if he agrees with him. In fact, Marc loves to sing and when he joined in an all opprobrious gospel choir, he did not tell his father for several months. Most of the o ther students expressed that they had the same upbringing, to discriminate against other races. Even though it was wrong of our grandparents and parents to raise us in such an environment, I can understand why they did. Some of our grandparents lived in the days of slavery and war and had to deal with the experience first hand. Their experience is all they knew to teach their young. I think our generation can look past how we were brought up and recognize that it is wrong, and teach our children better. Tammy made a point that the black students at her take aim often did not get involved in events. She said that when she went to school meetings she made an attempt to sit by students of other races, when she tried to make friends with them by sitting next to them and making conversation, she could tell that they did not feel comfortable sitting next to her. This made her feel uncomfortable. The Black students felt that they were often leftfield out of groups and schoolSkin Dee p 3events so they decided to have a graduation ceremony for Black students only. My first thought of this idea was that it was only splitting the races up even more. After listening to others thoughts in class I understood more why this was so special to the Black race. One reason was because for most of the students, they were the first to graduate in their family and that is something to take pride in. Judith is th... ...one of another race has the same opportunity as me. I do think I feel this way because I have not had to experience life as a person of a different race. Brian a black student, felt that White people think if one Black person does something bad, then all Black people do it. I besides think that the media, movies, and music play a big role in stereotyping. Stereotyping is something that most people do. I dont think it is done to equipment casualty people intentionally. Overall, I thought the video was good and the students expressed their opinions and f eelings openly and honestly. The video is pretty old and I do think that people are more accepting of other cultures, interracial marriages, and biracial people now. I might even say that I am ignorant to racism because I am not racist. Maybe I do not really see racism when it is right in front of me. Being a confine I have patients of all races and cultures. I see my patients as equal humans. When I look at them, the color of their skin or their appearance is not important to me. What I see is a patient who is sick and assumes my care. There is no one solution to racism in this country. We each need to contribute to the solution in our own way.

Parking slot system Essay

INTRODUCTIONA parking aloofness is a location that is designated for parking, either paved or unpaved. Parking spaces raft be in a parking garage, in a parking lot or on a city street. It is usually designated by a white-paint-on-tar rectangle indicated by three lines at the top, left and right of the designated area. The automobile fits inside the space, either by parallel parking, perpendicular parking or angled parking. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_space) In well-nigh countries where political machines are the dominant mode of transportation, parking lots are a suffer of any city and suburban area.Shopping malls, sports stadiums, mega churches and similar venues often feature political machine parks of immense area. Wikipedia(2007) There are lots of parking space here in the Philippines who are traditionally operated by the security guards. We gullt have a choice but to follow that traditional operation. Every day that we are traveling in the mall or in any place, we need to commence a parking slot.Sometimes there is traffic inside the parking area because to the highest degree of the drivers cant witness a parking slot for their vehicles. The traditional process of any parking areas are like a cycle, you testament enter on the entrance and didnt notice if there is a space for you to able to park your car and you will be driving cyclical on the parking lot and perfectly you will be irritated because you cant find any space for your car, and you have no choice but to head the exit. This is the cycle that every people experienced every minute, every hour or every day in every parking lot area.The problem of the parking areas is it cant manage only by the security guards, they cant search the whole area in every minute to know if there is a space for the new incoming drivers on the parking lot unless there is a security guard in every designated area. And most of the parking areas are too small for the customers who have private vehicles. The reasons why we are proposing this research is to reduce the problem of the vehicle drivers who are suffering to find an available space or slot in the parking areas. This research aim to help all the drivers to find a parking space windy and easier than the traditional system.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMHow may the manual system be described in terms of1.1TimeTime consuming of finding a space in parking lot.1.2AccuracyandConsistency.Increase of problem in parking lot.1.3SpeedSlow in finding a slot for vehicles.1.4SecurityNo security guard will monitor your vehicles.How may the proposed system be described in terms of1.1TimeSaving your time to find a parking space.1.2AccuracyandConsistencyUse automated car parking system to reduce wasting of time finding a parking slot.1.3SpeedIts more quickly to find parking slot.1.4SecurityThe automated car parking system is more secured than the traditional system.

Cohesion and division in Australia during World War 2 Essay

Unlike the prototypical World War which caused large well-disposed divisions within society over conflicting issues, Australias involvement in the Second World War served to create a guts of gumminess earlier than division. There was a wizard of issue unity to provide fend for Britain at the beginning of the state of fight and as the threat of a Japanese impingement increased, so did this sense of unity. until now as the war progressed, Australia became more independent from Britain and was prepared to act in its make interests to protect Australia. The general sense of cohesion was challenged by divisive elements such as the treatment of aliens, increase in federal power and the presence of the United States and Americans in Australia. besides the inspiring leaders of John Curtin, ordinary perception towards the war and the influence of administration propaganda created stronger cohesion and unity despite the divisive factors. Australias initial involvement in the wa r was due to a sense of loyalty to Great Britain as a member of the British Empire.Therefore when Great Britain declared war upon Ger galore(postnominal) on family 1st 1939, so too would Australia two days later. Supporting Britain in the war was viewed as Australias melancholy duty and although it helped Australias economy and provided jobs for m some(prenominal)(prenominal) as well as uniting many patriots including former and current soldiers, it also caused divisions in universal opinion in regards to the war, especially those concerning conscription and encounter to the war. These members of society believed that the war was constitutionally wrong. Many of these divisive opinions were only present during the phoney war period when Australia was not directly threatened by the war. however the fall and occupation of Singapore by the Japanese in 1942 as well as the failure of the Singapore Strategy, coupled with the bombing of Darwin destroyed any significant opposition toward s the war and was a major turning point for Australia.The fall of Singapore and the threat of the Japanese invasion showed Australia the reality of the war and subdue many of the voices which previously spoke out against it voices which now recognised the necessity of conscription and the war effort in effect to defend Australia. Prior to the war, on that point was a constant debate and split opinions over the issue of conscription in the government. The new threat of theJapanese enabled John Curtin to convince the various government parties, along with the majority of Australias population to accept limited conscription with an ease that would have been impossible during the First World War in nightspot to defend Australia against the direct threat of the Yel slump Peril. Curtins moderation and leadership served to tie in Australians in a way which previous governments had failed in this clipping of crisis It is now work and fight as we have never worked and fought before.- John Curtin 1942.The threat of the Japanese also helped Australia realise how isolated it was in the pacific neck of the woods and the marginal extent of Britains capacity to defend it given their preoccupation with the war in Europe. Curtin thus decided that Australia needed to place its own pencil eraser and defence first, putting Curtin at loggerheads with Churchill. Churchill wanted Australian soldiers to continue fighting in the war but Curtin insisted on their return to Australia, succeeding after a lot resistance from Churchill. Australia took one step further and accepted the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act in 1942 which enabled them to adopt their own foreign policy. Australia would then rely to a great extent on America instead of Britain because of how more readily equipped they were to deal with the growing tensions in the pacific region, resulting in a strained relationship in the midst of Great Britain and Australia. However this new alliance with America woul d cause strains and divisions in Australian society as the American presence increased in Australia.Australias new dependence on America resulted in a large influx of American soldiers to Australia and while Australian society was initially accepting and take of their unorthodox culture, behaviours and morals, this quickly turned to contempt and created an unsavoury relationship between Australians and Americans whom they saw as being a bad influence on the women and young person of Australia. Australians regarded Americans as being, overpaid, oversexed and over-here. However, while this had the possibility to cause influential divides in society, Australians realised the necessity for the American presence in their country and the security they had provided, overruling any irritation felt towards them. The Australian war effort in the pacific regions had also served to amplify and fuel the Anzac legend creating a national sense of ostentation and unity during the war.Australias involvement in the Second World War thus served to create a more independent Australia, in charge of its ownpolicies and decisions in foreign affairs, creating cohesion within society. Along with the American presence, Australias treatment of aliens also had the potential to cause considerable divisions. When war broke out, many foreigners, mostly Germans, and other dangerous persons were made to prove their identity and placed under strict rules which they had to adhere to in straddle to live in Australia. However it was not the government, but the Australian opinion towards foreigners which threatened social divide. Come 1939 and the War, Australia still had a strong racist tinge and there was widespread uneasiness and hostility towards many foreigners. The groups most subject to this racism were German Jews, others escaping the Nazi regime and Asian immigrants. Australians did not trust them and questioned their motives.Distinctions were eventually made between refugee aliens a nd opposite foreigners but their reaction to the arrival of foreigners in their country threatened the cohesion and peace in society by creating a divide between immigrants and Australians. Australias involvement in the war also affected the economy domestically with the need for rationing being introduced, as well as an increased young-bearing(prenominal) work run. As the war progressed, the governments control on the activity of Australians increased as the demands for the war increased. Queues began to form for commodities and shortages began to develop. The amount of fuel to be consumed by the public and business were also stringently controlled and the rationing of household commodities would begin in 1942. However Curtin and his government believed that the effects of the rationing would only serve to increase the suffice and discipline of Australians during this period of conflict, uniting them to work together as a nation to overcome these difficulties, deepening the coh esion within society and encouraging a more thorough commitment to the war effort.The great challenge today is to each individual not to the other fellow to forget self and order his or her life for the welfare of the nation. John Curtin However there were some divisive elements to the rationing as black market goods such as spirits and other luxury goods flourished. Few Australians did not frequent the black market and to the trade union movement this fuelled their belief that sacrifices were not being made equally. disdain this, there was an overall sense of unity through the rationing as Australians banded together to overcome the tumultuous times. The increased female work force was due tothe ever growing amount of men being drafted into the military, creating vacant positions in various industries, with thousands working in factories making munitions. Others joined the Womens nation Army which aided in overcoming serious labour shortages around the nation. These women play ed an important role in agriculture and other industries, allowing many men to be available for active service.The presence of the women at work showed a strong team-spirit in Australia to work together to support the nation creating a strong sense of cohesion. There was also possible division over the issue of the national government being granted more power to control the affairs of the nation. The demands of the war would affect every sector of the economy and it became necessary for the government to take more control with the most significant change being the taxes. In order to fund the war, the Federal government had to impose various taxes which would have been unheard of during times of peace. The number of taxpayers increased considerably from 800 000 to two million, which meant people with extremely low incomes were required to pay taxes.However the surprising part of this change was the lack of opposition to it. Under the National Security Act of 1939, the government was allowed to pass regulations without the government which allowed them to have significant control over Australian industry and the activities of Australians during the war. In normal circumstances there would be great resentment and resistance to the Federal governments increase in power but because of the war, Australians understood the unavoidable need for such a step to be taken. There was a growing public sense of the Federal governments importance and in this way it created an expanding sense of national identity with the Federal parliament becoming an important figure of national unity. Therefore any divisions caused by the increase in power were merely superficial and insignificant when compared to the cohesion created because of it. Government propaganda also played a vital role in creating cohesion within Australias society during the war. Groups which opposed the war effort were banned such as Communists and Jehovah Witnesses in order to convince the public of the necess ity for war.The internment of people of certain nationalities also helped to quash anti-war views. There were also many anti-Japanese and anti-German campaigns and posters. Such censorship and propaganda served to unite the public to support the governments war effort, exploiting the patriotic nature of Australians andsense of duty in order to garner support. Finally, Australias overall sense of unity and cohesion can be credited to the immense work of John Curtin during his tenure as Prime Minister of Australia during the Second World War. His conclusiveness and inspirational leadership were the driving factors behind Australias war effort and the transition made from being Britains subordinate to becoming an independent nation.His changes in foreign policy and decision to bring the troops home united Australians and provided them with a new sense of identity and pride and he quickly gained support from a united nation. Australias involvement in the Second World War was a journey filled with many potentially divisive elements. However they were ultimately outweighed by the more cohesive ones. Australia was united through a sense of patriotism and national pride to support the war that was unseen during the First World War. The fear of the Japanese invasion created a more independent nation with a stronger international presence. The war also sparked the beginning for an influx of refugees into Australia, transforming it into a more multicultural nation. Australias involvement in the Second World War ultimately resulted in unifying Australians with a new and dynamic national identity.

History of Translation in Canada Essay

The study of interpreting has been the center of attention of several scholars and schools of mentation during the last three decades. Some terms related to the field of variant studies belong to a common language that it has been incorporated to the everyday language of translators such(prenominal) as correctness, similarity, fidelity, current school text, adaptation, equivalence, reading strategies, among others. However, most of the time these translations and equivalences express a connection between the source text and its final version in such a way that conveys the same communicative function in their respective cultures.Cuba has not been exempted from the translation studies most of the research on translatology can be write back to Amparo Hurtado, David Curbelo, Rodolfo Alpizar and Lourdes Arencibia whom have done a profound research on this branch of the linguistics science during the last thirty years. However, in the first portray of the current term paper it was established -in the case of the English phrase Department at the Universidad de Oriente- that the level of translation in Cuba was lightly treated.A field of study conducted among 10 students of the second year of the English Language Major during the present academic course (2011-2012) showed that they had a limited knowledge on what history of translation is however, they seemed to find difficult to characterize translation in Cuba given that they do not have any source where to find data ab bring out the do and their input on the topic was insufficient.Consequently, a question arose how could they know almost the History of Translation in Cuba? Hence, the insufficient knowledge regarding the history of translation in Cuba by the English Major Students of the Universidad de Oriente constitutes the scientific problem of this research. The object of this term paper is the translatological work of Jose Marti Perez The research domain is the translation of the book Grecian Ant iquities carried out by Jose Marti Perez.The objective is to carry out a contrastive analysis of the translation work developed by Jose Marti Perez of the book Greek Antiquities, which would help to adorn the superior general characteristics of the translatological work in the nineteen century in Cuba, in order to propose an instrument in the 3rd portray of the research that facilitates the hard-hitting of information on the History of translation in Cuba by the English Major Students of the Universidad de Oriente. In order to accomplish the objective in this second stage term paper about scientific tasks were taken into consideration on this second stage To approach the XIX Century translation in Cuba and Jose Martis translatological work. To conduct an epistemological analysis of translation, methods and techniques To develop a contrastive analysis of some fragments of the book Greek Antiquities together with the translation undertaken by Jose Marti Research Methods hypoth etical Methods Analysis-synthesis this method had been used to collect and analyze outstanding information acquired from the bibliography consulted. Hermeneutic this approach was used to interpret and understand the information gathered. Induction-Deduction In the analysis of the diametric bibliographical sources that contributed to the theoretical explanation of this research. Empirical Technique A survey applied to students of the second year of the English Language Major. The idea to defend is that a contrastive analysis of the translations work carried out by Jose Marti Perez of the book Greek Antiquities with the original work may be useful for ELP students to learn about XIX Century translation in Cuba.This term paper is structured into one chapter, subdivided into three sections. The most important contribution of this research is to provide English Language Major Students with a contrastive analysis of the translations work carried out by Jose Marti Perez of the book Gr eek Antiquities that they can use as a bibliographical and workout material for the subject Introduction to translation. An approach to translation undertaken in Cuba in the XIX Century. Jose Marti and his translatological work.Translators in XIX century were people who mostly had the opportunity to get abroad (mainly Europe and the United States), often motivated by separatist aspirations, therefore, by study or experience, they knew several languages and interacted with other cultures. Among the most important figures of this intent were Jose Maria Heredia y Heredia (1803-1839), Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda(1814-1873), Antonio and Eusebio Guiteras Font. plane heroes of our independence war like Juan Clemente Zenea and Diego Vicente Tejera made some translation works, but it is undeniable that the most important figure in this period was Jose Marti Perez.Like many men and some women with access to a good education in his time, Marti studied Latin, Greek, French, English and e ven some Hebrew. delinquent to his studies, intensive reading and extensive travels Jose Marti came to acquire a deep knowledge of his mother tongue, virtually in all its variants. His command of English was deepened and strengthened as he lived in the U. S. His travels through Latin America and Europe enriched his knowledge of French and English, in that way he translated the works of Victor Hugo, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Helen Hunt capital of Mississippi into Spanish.The translatological work that was carried out in the XIX century go away be illustrated through analyzing a sample of a translation developed by Jose Marti. Even when in the XIX century there is no evidence of any translation school in Cuba and those works were made empirically, some epistemological aspects about translation should be taken into account, like correctness and similarity, methods, techniques and strategies, which will help us to evaluate the quality of the translation in this century. Contrastive anal ysis of some fragments of the book Greek Antiquities and the translation undertaken by Jose Marti.Using the model proposed by Professor MSc. Tania Vivar in her master thesis, a sample of the translatological work of Jose Marti will be analyzed in order to prove that he was able to translate properly and according to the target readers. He translated from English into Castilian to the Newyorker publishing house Appleton and Co. Greek Antiquities by J. H. Mahaffy (1883) as part of a group of historical-didactic works. Even when Marti never had any academic formation in translation or in history of Greece, his vast culture was a powerful weapon when translating this book.It can be stated that Jose Marti respects the external and also the internal order in his translation of the original text, the number of paragraphs, the order of the chapters and the sequence of the ideas and uses a neutral vocabulary in accordance to the type of text that he is translating. The work is addressed to the communicatory public so the translation is direct, which facilitates the correct translation of some idioms and helps him to handle properly with cultural issues.The translation is very faithful to the original text and the statements ar very clear and concise. To achieve this purpose he used the literal translation in multiple occasions. In order to create a translation as close as possible to the target readers Marti did some necessary additions and omissions which added logical meaning to the Spanish version and made it look as a text written originally in Spanish. Through the use of literal translation it is not always possible to achieve the same tone of the original text as a solution to this problem Marti used the modulation.Using his enormous culture and his full knowledge of his mother tongue, Marti could change the original text and reformulate many of the ideas using the implicit translation as he did in some other times, but in this specific translation he only mak es few adaptations that were necessary to maintain the tone of the original text. In this translation Marti is able to use different methods that go from the literal method (with techniques like the literal translation) to the interpretative-communicative method (modulation and variation).He was not attached to any specific method or technique this also demonstrates that he could decide the more get hold of one depending on the type of text, the target reader or the complexity of the idea. Conclusions Translation is considered to be the transfer of meaning from one language into another, respecting the authors intention and taking into consideration the context which will give a particular sense to such meaning. Throughout all of our history translation has play an important role.For those reasons, the authors of this term paper consider that it would be very useful to undertake a research through a three-stage format with the purpose of providing information regarding the history of translation in Cuba. Therefore, a contrastive analysis of the translation work carried out by Jose Marti Perez of the book Greek Antiquities with the original work was developed, which helped illustrating the general characteristics of the translatological work in the XIX century in Cuba.Hence the authors of this term paper believe that an instrument in the third stage of the research will facilitate a thorough search of information on the History of translation in Cuba by the English Major Students of the Universidad de Oriente since it deals with a subject that has exactly been dealt with. Recommendations ? It would be advisable to conduct further research on this important topic, due to its relevance to the English Language Major. ? The results of this paper could be implemented in the study material of the subject Introduccion a la traduccion for second year students of the English Language Major.

Batman: The Dark Knight Trilogy

The function of a hero is inspiration which encourages lot to be better and work harder. As draw by Abrams, since the beginning of storytelling tales of gods and heroes described mankinds desires, fears and ideas of an ideal future. Every culture has a different symbol and representation that tries to construct the perfect specimen of human power. In the States this desire is described in risible books, the construction of Batman is a prime example.Frank Miller and David Mazzucchellis Batman Year One and Batman dally of the Owl by Scott Snyder converse the altering battles face by Batman and illustrate an almost flawless transition of how the lawsuits progress throughout the years. The evolution of modern vigilantism from when risibles were first introduced during the Great Depression to current times define their ability to adapt to the ever changing periods faced by society that allows for superheroes to stay relevant. The rise of modern superheroes was when America was f acing the threat of a state of fight in Europe and dealing with corruption within its own communities.The heroes depicted in comics allowed for people to race reality during the Great Depression, states Hyde. It gave a sense of false perception to readers that allowed them to hope and ignited a desire to form a superhero as a reaction to the economical hardships as closely as domestic crimes. Commissioner James Gordon plays an important role in Batman Year One, an old version in the Batman series, because he is suspicious of Batmans vigilante evasive action but realizes that he is necessary and a strong ally in rate to serve justice.Gordon is first introduced as Police Lieutenant James Gordon who begins works for the Gotham City Police Department after cosmos transferred from Chicago under Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb and Detective Arnold John Flass. Upon arrival Gordon struggles to deal with corrupt officers, who beat up whomever they please. tonicity Gordons hesitancy and unease, Flass and several other officers decide to give him a beating. Gordon confronts Flass and gives him a baseball bat to defend himself then begins to pummel him as revenge.This describes the degenerate behaviors of authoritative figures that choose to abuse their powers, leading the population to believe that the police force isnt reliable. Thus proving the assumption that superheroes, Batman in this case, were made to understand the loony bin people face in reality of modern day times. The physiological mindset of both heroes and villains takes a more realistic turn that separates itself from fictionological and fairy story references. Modern comic book superheroes tend to follow the same general pattern in which the hero is estranged or secluded from society.Batman, for example, is a change character who witnesses his parents being gunned down which results in him swearing that he would rid Gotham City of evil. Although mythology provides an example of a true hero their v illains change over time. Myths no longer deal with legends from the bible about the devil or beast and serpents described by the Greeks, the new complexity of the villains is by far more intriguing. Abrams explains how Americans fork out become fascinated with gangsters and the criminal cultural that surrounds their nature, representing realistic and current dangers of this new era.In Batman Court of the Owl, which is a new version in the Batman series, the villain is William Cobb who is a Talon, marrow a skilled assassin for the Court of Owls. He boasts having killed several members of the Wayne family. He later attacks his great-grandson, Dick Grayson, because he feels betrayed by him choosing to become a vigilante preferably of a Talon like himself. These serial killer tendencies and disgust expressed towards his own blood describe the unstable mental state of murderers throughout time.The creation of a hero without power or superhuman characteristics like Batman made him mor e relatable during a time period in which the crime rate was high. The familiarity of Batman is attributed to people missing a hero that represents their incapability or lack of being able to confront a problem in society. Batman Year One establishes the legend of Batman, it is the business line story of a hero and how he learns to strike fear into the hearts of villains. When Batman manages to remove Loeb from office his mission in that comic is complete.The ending shows Gordon standing on a rooftop next to a bat signal waiting for him because of a new threat calling himself the Joker. This means that he has gathered the trust of the people of Gotham, namely Gordon who plays an important role as Commissioner. Batman Court of the Owls is a continuation of Batmans legacy but because it is a new version, Synder made it more benevolent by adding another urban legend amongst several surrounding Gotham City. The Court of the Owls is a secret organization with tremendous power embark ed in the history of Gotham City.The myth that surrounds their existence is described in a chilling nursery rhyme Beware the Court of Owls that understandes all the time, ruling Gotham from a shadowed perch, behind granite and lime. They watch you at your hearth, they watch you in your bed, speak not a whispered word of them, or theyll send the talon for your head (Synder, pg 36) By combining an old urban legend with a more sophisticated version of Batman, the writers tie together the past and the present deeming it more appropriate for this century.The relevance of peoples beliefs in the impossible actions of heroes is due it the recognition and understanding of needing to escape from reality during a time of crisis. Batman is placed in several locations which be almost impossible for him to escape from but at the last second he manages to reach safety. Batman Year One shows one incident in which Batman is trapped in an abandoned edifice and Loeb orders bombs, SWAT teams and th e Gotham City Police Department to attack. However Batman manages to avoid destruction and fools the police by directing a swarm of bats to head in the opposite direction he was going.Modern comic books have dramatic scenes as well but make sense in the fictional world. In Batman Court of the Owls Bruce Wayne is attacked by the Talon during a meeting with Lincoln border, a politician with hopes of becoming mayor. They fall out of a window at the old Wayne Tower and Bruce survives by landing on a guardian that was installed by his great-grandfather. Even though it is unlikely for Bruce to survive a fall out of a window, the existence of guardians makes it seem possible. The chances of him living after being having bombs thrown and blasted near him repeatedly are slim to none.These drastic events allow people to continue to have assurance in the indestructibility of a superhero. The role of women has progressed in comic books expressing the evolution of how the public regards them o ver time. Superheroes functionality is bound in imaginary lines that represent the way of dealing with the practicality of how tone is perceived during the time period it was written in, such as gender roles and sexuality promiscuity. In Batman Year One readers are presented with a fe manly named Selina Kyle who is a young prostitute, taking her chances on the streets amongst the poor district of East End in Gotham City.Ottermann states how during 1980s, when this comic was published, was a time when prostitution was considered part of the norm in most poverty-stricken regions. Inspired by the Caped Crisader himself Selina forms her own costume and becomes Catwoman, but her clothes do not classify as being strong or a leader like Batmans. Her exterior exudes erotic and sexual appeal as well as her persona by not only describing her as a prostitute but also indicating how her role as a vixen in disguise leads her into choosing the demoralized path of robbery instead of being a heroi n.This suggests that female superheroes were practically nonexistent and wouldnt be able to take on the role or performance level of a male because of their gender inferiority at that age. Batman Court of the Owls was written in 2011 and women of this generation would be insulted and rally against such publication of oppression. Therefore Synder didnt mention a female character having no morals because then the appeal and interest of the comic would not apply to females. There was a decline in comic book readers because of what was being published was considered irrelevant by people during this age.The comic book sales dropped increasingly, as the market was glutted with titles based solely on the war effort these titles no longer had an reference and eventually faded away into obscurity (Kelley, pg 11). The general population wanted to move on from the constant reminders of the struggles faced by Americans. They wanted to look forward to a better and stronger future. This lead t o the difference in demand from when comic books were first introduced and the few comics that did remain popular were highly competitive. While the approval of comic books was decreasing another problem was brewing in the pop culture society.Publishers, writers and artists received a public denouncement, claiming that comic books were ruining childrens minds regarding their values, morals and education. Dr. Fredric Wertham released a book called Seduction of the Innocent in 1954 which analyzed the deeper meaning behind some of the most popular superheroes. Wertham argued that the stops and underlying messages found in the comics encouraged the use of narcotics, gang violence and characterized women as shameless and lewd. As a result, publishers formed the Comics Code in order to prevent further embarrassment and persecution from the government.The comic book patience suffered a major loss of readers and thus began their gradual climb to regain their popularity. The target audien ce was older than the previous generations and more educated. Younger writers and artists began publishing comic books that expressed current concerns and social restraints instead of focusing solely on the past war effort. Eventually after decades in Americas cultural gutter, comic books had finally emerged as a respectable and fantastically profitable entertainment industry worthy of a listing on the New York Stock Exchange (Wright pg 280). After revamping the comic book corporation, the business began focusing on producing films based on superheroes in order to make sure that they remained important in American culture. There are no new stories or characters, comic books are not different from any other type of media, they are repetitive. The superhero films retell the same stories with slight modifications and minor differences in art. The first popular Batman movie was made in 1989 and directed by Tim Burton. A few years later in 2005, director Christopher Nolan took a shot at rebooting the characters and placed new ideas with his Batman Begins.Both of the films focused on a particular emotion faced by Batman that was barely addressed in the comics, romance. The portrayal of love in Burtons film revolved round the consanguinity of Bruce and Vicki Vale who was in the process of investigating rumors of a figure dressed as a bat fighting crime. After attending a benefit at Wayne Manor, Vicki is charmed into Bruces bed and remained with him after learning his second role as Batman. Nolan took on a different approach to the acquaintance surrounding Bruce and his childhood best friend Rachel Dawes, who is an assistant district attorney.After revealing his true identity to her, Rachel realizes she cannot love someone who is both Bruce and Batman. The evident loss of this relationship in Nolans film is a direct form of connection with the audience members that states that even superheroes sometimes dont get the girl. The shared heartache of Bruce and the mov iegoers demonstrate why Batman has thrived and remains appreciated because of his ability to bond with the public. Although many details and fine points have been tweaked in the comic books and films, Batmans still a billionaire vigilante out to rid evil in Gotham City.He fights desperately to defend those who are in danger or are in need of aid and it is the code that stops him from crossing over the line and into the dark side. Batmans constant struggle to remain in control of his mentality shows how relatable he is, reminding everyone that he is just in fact a human. The comics describe and play his morality throughout. Batmans one rule is that he is not to kill anyone by his hands, by not stooping to a villains level separates him from them.Batman Begins shows a scene in which Bruce is training with the League of Shadows and Henri Ducard says, Your compassion is a weakness your enemies provide not share, to which Bruce replies Thats why its so important. It separates us from t hem. This type of ethics and philosophy has been inbreeded in the Batman series for decades. Publications have stayed true to this principle of righteousness no discipline what age, and therefore remaining valid to the most essential law that defines Batman as a crime fighting vigilante.The comic book industry has matured into an American form of art that discusses the implications of morality, self expression and ideals. Superheroes are symbolic and remain popular no matter the time period in which they are reintroduced, not because of their powers but of their representation of something greater. The ability of the Batman series to express the apprehension and tension faced by society shows an understanding and flares a beacon of hope that not all humanity is lost. As times have changed and civilization has advanced, superheroes have changed with the growing demands of the population.Sharp explains how comic books have continued to revitalize the one significant detail that allo ws the Batman series to prevail, the different forms of the Caped Crusader. Batman is flexible enough to do what different people of different generations want of him (Sharp, pg 2). Batmans fundamental beliefs in comic books continue to remain the same even as the world changes. However in the movies, directors take the liberty of altering his rigid judgment in order to appeal to a broader audience. Either way, these changes do not affect the overall respect and approval given by Americans towards these figures of everlasting hope.Work Cited Abrams, Joshua, Vigilante Patriotism An Exploration of the Modern American Comic Book (2012). Senior Projects Spring 2012. Paper 10. Web. . Batman. Dir. Tim Burton. By Prince. Perf. Michael Keaton, Jack Nicholson, Kim Basinger, Billy Dee Williams, and Jack Palance. Warner Bros. , 1989. DVD. Batman Begins. Dir. Christopher Nolan. By Christopher Nolan and David S. Goyer. Prod. Larry J. Franco. Perf. Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Liam Neeson, and Katie Holmes. Warner Bros. , 2005. DVD. Hyde, Douglas. Superheroes rise in tough tiems.CNN Entertainment. 2009 March 20. Web. . Kelley, Mark. The Golden Age of Comic Books Representations of American Culture from the Great Depression to the Cold War. E-Publications. 2009 April 4. Web. Miller, Frank, and Mazzucchelli, David. Batman Year One. New York DC Comics, 1987. Print. Ottermann, Ralf. Review Essay Qualitative enquiry on Prostitution in the Early 80s Red-light Districts of Vienna. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung. Vol 6. 2005 Nov 2. Web. http//www. qualitative-research. net/index. php/fqs/article/view/488. Sharp, Tyler. Batman redefined Comics expert says success of Dark Knight trilogy tied to character examinations, loyalty to storyline. News and Editorial Services. Kansa State University. 2012 July 16. Web. . Snyder, Scott, Capullo, Greg and Glapion, Jonathan. Batman Volume I The Court of Owls (The New 52). DC Comics, 2011. Print. Wertham, Fredric. Seduction of the Innocent . New York Rinehart, 1954. Print. Wright, Bradford. Comic Book Nation The variation of Youth Culture in America. Baltimore John Hopkins UP, 2001. Print.

Benjamin Franklin Printer To Scientist To Politician History Essay

IntroductionBenjamin Franklin should be remembered as wholeness of the establishing male parent of the today s universe superpower- the United States of America. Franklin was born on January 17 1706 and lived on until April 17, 1790. Franklin a famous polymath was a prima pressman writer, policy-making theoretician, postmaster, scientist, civic militant, solon all fight good as a diplomat. As a scientist, Franklin can be remembered as the major(ip) figure involved in the Enlighten of America and the history of natural philosophies for his ageless theories and incurs every bit far as electricity is concerned. He is the figure behind the innovation of the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin range, a passenger car mileometer, and the glass armonica Franklin established the pioneering humans loaning depository subroutine library every bit good as the first fire section in Pennsylvania1.Franklin received the rubric of The First American for his early on and untiring presen tation for colonial down the stairsstanding as a writer and interpreter in London for legion settlements, and subsequently laterwards as the Prime parson United States diplomat to France, he epitomized the budding American state. Franklin was non merely foundational but besides introductory in structuring the American ethos as a marriage of the purportlike and independent values of thrift, difficult work, instruction, community spirit, autonomous establishments, and resistance to authoritarianism both political and spiritual , with the systematic and broad values of the light. Harmonizing to a celebrated historian Henry Steele Commager, Franklin could be merged the virtuousnesss of Puritanism with give away its defects, the light of the Enlightenment without its heat. While To Walter Isaacson, Franklin was the most complete American of his age and the most influential in contriving the fiber of society America would go. 2Franklin, everlastingly conceited of his working category roots, rose up the ladder to go a successful day-to-day editor in chief every bit good as a pressman in Philadelphia, the so taking metropolis in the settlement. He shortly turned out to be affluent after stamp Poor Richard s Almanack and The Pennsylvania Gazette. Franklin achieved planetary reputation as a scientist for his legendary experiments in electrical pushing and for his many finds, peculiarly the lightning rod. He participated and besides played a important dish in establishing the University of Pennsylvania and was thenceforth elected to head the esteemed American Philosophical monastic order. Franklin turned into a province hero in America when he led the attempt to hold the Congress get rid of the ostracized depression Act. As a gifted diplomat, he was extensively well-liked among the Gallic as American curate to Paris and was a cardinal individual in the emergence of affirmatory Franco-American dealingss. For several old ages, Franklin was a British pos tmaster for the settlements, a station which subsequently enabled him to set up the initial national communications web. Franklin was so ofttimes involved and active in society personal businesss, national and international personal businesss every bit good as colonial and province political relations. From 1785 to 1788, Franklin served as governor and towards the terminal of his life he unchained his slaves and hence turned out to be one of the most celebrated abolitionists3.His colorful life and bequest of political and scientific achievement, every bit good as the rank as one of America s most important Establishing Fathers, contain saw Franklin honoured on mintage and money warships the names of many towns, counties, educational establishments, namesakes, and companies and even after more than both centuries since his decease, countless cultural references4.Franklin was born on Milk Street in Boston. His male parent wanted him to travel to school with the clergy but the m oney was merely plenty to last Franklin for merely two old ages in school. Franklin studied at Boston Latin but he did non graduate and had to go on his instruction through insatiate reading. At 10 his schooling ended and he started working for his male parent until the age of 12 when he became an learner for his brother who had a pressman and who introduced Franklin to the printing trade. At 15 Franklin established The New-England Courant, and which happened to be the first genuinely independent publisher during the settlements. After being denied the chance to print a missive to the new-sprung(prenominal)spaper for publication, Franklin assumed the fabricated name of Mrs. Silence Dogood , a middle-aged widow. Mrs. Dogood s letters were in print, and even a topic of duologue around town. incomplete James nor the Courant s readers were witting of the fast one. Franklin was forced to go forth the apprenticeship without per military commission shortly after his brother discover ed that the popular correspondence belonged to Franklin5.At 17, Franklin took forward and became a runaway in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where he started a new life in a new metropolis. At first he worked in several pressman stores available in town but nevertheless he was non satisfied by the immediate chances. It is after a a couple of(prenominal) months plot still working in a printing house that the so Pennsylvanian Governor convinced him to travel to London purportedly to obtain equipment involve in set uping another daily in Philadelphia6.At age 17, Franklin ran off to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, seeking a new start in a new metropolis. When he foremost arrived he worked in several pressman stores around town. However, he was non satisfied by the immediate chances. After a few months, objet dart working in a printing house, Franklin was convinced by Pennsylvania Governor Sir William Keith to travel to London, apparently to get the equipment necessary for set uping anothe r newsprint in Philadelphia7.Franklin as a PrinterIt was non until 1727, when Franklin, by so 21 old ages established the Junto, a group of like minded aspiring craftsmans and shopkeepers who hoped to better themselves while they improve their community. The Junto was a argument group for all issues of the twenty-four hours and it accordingly provided rise to many associations in Philadelphia. For Junto reading was a bulky interest although by so books were really rare and expensive excessively. Therefore the members of the Junto group agreed to make a library, ab initio meant for their ain books. However, this was non commensurate and that is the clip when Franklin conceived the thought of a subscription library, and which act as a signifier of pooling financess to purchase books for all to read. This signified the birth of the library company of Philadelphia. Until today the library company remains a great scholarly every bit good as a research library harbouring over 500,00 0 rare books8.In 1733, Franklin started to publish the celebrated Poor Richard s Almanack under the nom de plume Richard Saunders, on which much of his trendy position is based. Franklin on a regular basis wrote under anonym. Even though it was known that Franklin was the writer, his Richard Saunders character often denied it. In 1758, Franklin put in print Father Abraham s Sermon a twelvemonth after he ceased composing for the Almanack9.Franklin as an InventorFranklin was an impressive discoverer. In the thick of his legion creative activities was the Franklin range, bifocal spectacless, lightning rod, glass armonica, every bit good as the elastic urinary catheter. Franklin under no fortunes did he patent his innovations, and in his autobiography he wrote that, as we enjoy great advantages from the innovations of others, we should be sword lily of an chance to function others by any innovation of ours and this we should make freely and liberally. To add to his long list of inno vations are societal inventions, for case paying frontward. Franklin s enthralment with invention could be regarded as philanthropic he wrote that his proficient plants were to be used for mounting effectivity and human development. One such development was his effort to rush up intelligence services in the class of his printing presses10.As adjunct postmaster, Franklin developed an involvement refering the North Atlantic Ocean circulation forms. It was while in England in 1768 that he overheard a ailment from the Colonial Board of Customs as to why make it took a British package ships transporting mail several hebdomads protracted to make New York than it took an mean merchandiser ship to make Newport, Rhode Island. Franklin laid the job to his cousin Timothy Folger, a Nantucket whaler captain, who in organize him that bargainer ships on a regular basis circumvented a strong eastbound mid-ocean current whereas the mail package captains navigated dead into it, therefore battling a n unpleasant current of 3A stat mis per hr ( 5 kilometers per hour ) . Franklin so laboured with Folger and other knowing ship captains, larning every bit much as necessary to plot the current and name it the disconnectedness Stream, by which it is still known today11.It required many old ages for British sea captains to finally commend Franklin s advice on voyaging the current on one juncture they did, and they were able to pare two hebdomads from their seafaring clip. But in1853, oceanographer Matthew Fontaine Maury a fame map maker rang a bell that Franklin merely planned and codified the gulf Stream, but he did non detect it.Franklin as a ScientistIn 1743, Franklin established the American Philosophical Society to help scientific work forces talk about their theories and finds. It at this clip that He began the electrical probes and surveies that, together with other scientific enquiries, would prosecute him for the balance of his life, in amid turns of moneymaking and politi cs12.In 1747, Franklin officially retired from printing and ventured into other concerns. He entered into a partnership with his chief, David Hall, which offered Franklin with portion of the store s returns for over 18 old ages. This moneymaking concern treaty non merely did it supply leisure and see clip but besides it is during this period that be made the most finds that accorded him a repute with erudite people in Europe and particularly in France.13All Franklin s finds resulted from his scrutiny of electricity. Franklin projected that vitreous and pitchy electrical energy were non diverse types of electrical fluid , but instead represented the kindred electrical fluid under different force per unit areas. Franklin was the first individual to trade name them as positive and negative in that order, every bit good as he was the first individual to detect the rule of saving of charge.14Electrical experiments done by Franklin paved manner to his find of the lightning rod. He discovered that music directors with a jagged instead than a level point had the ability to liberate mutely, and at a far improved distance. He construed that this information could be of great usage in protecting celebrated edifices from lightning. In grasp of his attempt with electricity, Franklin was awarded with the Royal Society s Copley palm tree in 1753 while in 1756 he turn out to be one of the few eighteenth century Americans to be voted as a gallant of the Society. In add-on and an honor to him the cogs unit of electric charge has been named after him that is one Franklin ( Fr ) is equal to one stat C.Franklin and his modern-day friend Leonard Euler were the lone major scientists who showed support of Christiana Huygens moving ridge theory of visible radiation, after it was basically ignored by the remainder of the scientific community15.Harmonizing to a good recognized myth, in 1973 a storm traveling from the southwest disadvantaged Franklin of the opportunity of dete cting a lunar occultation. Franklin was said to hold noted that the current air currents were in occurrence from the nor-east, opposing what he had expected. In communicating with his brother, Franklin subsequently learned that the matching storm had non hit Boston non until after the occultation, in malice of the fact that Boston is to the nor-east of Philadelphia. He inferred that storms were non needfully affected by the way of the prevailing air current, a utile construct which would hold great learn in meteorology16.In add-on, Franklin noted a theory of infrigidation by recognizing that on a really hot twenty-four hours, he stayed ice vanity in his moisture shirt in a zephyr than he did on a dry 1. Harmonizing to Michael Faraday, Franklin s experimentation on the non-conduction of ice is meaning even though the jurisprudence of the wide consequence of liquefaction on electrolytes is non attributed to Franklin. All Franklins oceanographic findings are accumulated in his Mari time Observations and published by the Philosophical Society s minutess. It restricted thoughts for catamaran hulls, sea ground tackles, shipboard buoy uping burden every bit good as H2O tight compartments.In 1736, Franklin formed the Union Fire Company, which happened to be one of the initial voluntary fire contending companies in America. It is besides during the same twelvemonth that he printed a new gold for New Jersey founded on fresh anti-counterfeiting technique which he had developed. All through his calling, Franklin was a protagonist for paper money, publishing A Modest query into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency in 1729, and his pressman printed money. He was cardinal in the more unnatural and therefore winning pecuniary experiment in the Middle Colonies, which stopped up deflation without taking to inordinate inflation17.Franklin as a PoliticianAs Franklin matured, he began holding more and more concerns sing public personal businesss. For case in 1743, he went a measure in front to setup a 4th strategy for the Academy and College of Philadelphia. Franklin became caught up in Philadelphia political personal businesss and quickly developed. In October 1748, he was chosen to be a councilman, while in June 1749 he was appointed a Justice of the serenity for Philadelphia. In add-on, in 1751 he was voted for the first clip to the Pennsylvania Assembly. On August 10, 1753, Franklin was chosen joint deputy postmaster-general of North America. Well franklins most worthy service in his state s political relations was his betterment of the postal system, with correspondence sent out each week18.In 1751, Franklin and Dr. Thomas alinement attain a charter from the Pennsylvania parliament to establish a infirmary. Pennsylvania Hospital was the earliest infirmary in what was to turn out to be the United States of America. In 1754, Franklin led the Pennsylvania deputation to the Albany Congress. This assemblage of legion settlements had been call ed upon by the Board of Trade in England to develop dealingss with the Indians and defense mechanics non in favor of the Gallic. It was Franklin who really considered a wide Plan of Union for the settlement. Whilst the program was non approved, elements of instituted their manner into being in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.19In 1757, Franklin was sent off to England by the Pennsylvania Assembly as a imperial agent to expostulation against the political authorization of the Penn household, the owners of the settlement. He stayed there for five old ages, rigid to stop the owners privilege to turtle statute law from the voted Assembly, and their unsusceptibility from paying revenue enhancements on their land. His deficient in of of import Alliess in Whitehall made the mission to neglect.Franklin died on April 17, 1790, at the age of 84. Around 20,000 people were in attending during his funeral. He was interred in Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia. The r emains of B. Franklin Printer Like the wrap of an old Book, Its inside torn out, and stripped of its authorship and ornament, Lies here, grocery for Worms. But his Work shall neer be alone lost For it will, as he supposed, emerge one time more, in a new and even more ideal Edition, accurate and revised by the Author. In 1773, when Franklin s work had had transformed from publishing to scientific discipline and politics.20Notes1. Isaacson, Walter. Benjamin Franklin An American Life. New York, NY. USA. Prentice Hall Publishers. 2004.2. Isaacson 2003, p. 4913. Isaacson 2003, p. 4924. Lemay, J. A. Leo. Franklin, Benjamin ( 1706-1790 ) , Oxford Dictionary of subject Biography. erectile dysfunction. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison ( Oxford OUP, 2004 ) .5. Lemay, 2004, p.17096. Wolf, A. , History of Science, Technology, and Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century. New York, 1939. p.2327. Van Horne, John C. The History and Collections of the Library Company of Philadelphia, The Maga zine Antiques, v. 170. No. 2 58-65 ( 1971 ) .8. Isaacson 2003, p. 4919. Isaacson 2003, p. 49210.Silence Dogood, The Busy-Body, & A Early Writings J.A. Leo Lemay, erectile dysfunction. Library of America, 1987 one-volume, 2005 two-volume ISBN 978-1-93108222-811. Autobiography, Poor Richard, & A Later Writings J.A. Leo Lemay, erectile dysfunction. Library of America, 1987 one-volume, 2005 two-volume ISBN 978-1-88301153-612. Green, J. English Books and Printing in the Age of Franklin, in The Colonial Book in the Atlantic World ( 2002 ) , p.257.13. Isaacson 2003, p. 814.Van Horne, 1971, p.58-6515 Wolf, 1939, p.23216. Isaacson 2003, p. 1217. Isaacson 2003, p. 7818. Isaacson 2003, p. 1419. Green, 2002, p.25720. History of the Benjamin Franklin initiate of Technology . Bfit.edu. Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. Retrieved on November 19, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol //web.archive.org/web/20080731130624/http //www.bfit.edu/aboutus/history.php.

Long Term Financing Paper Final

Running head Long-Term financial backing Long-Term Financing University of Phoenix Online Introduction to Finance and accounting system MMPBL-503 James R. Sullivan November 3, 2008 Long-Term Financing An established ships company is considering prolonging its ope dimensionns, and to achieve their business objectives, the company entrust require additional long-term capital financial support. Long-term support bear upons debt or comeliness instruments with greater than one-year maturities, and the cost of this long-term capital layabout be calculated using either the Capital Asset set (CAPM) or Discounted Cash Flows (DCFM) type.The transcription will have to comp ar and contrast the Capital Asset Pricing Model with the Discounted Cash Flows Model. The skill of comparing and tell apart financial options will help evaluate and organize the debt/ lawfulness mix and dividend policy. The organization must then decide what type of long-term pay alternatives will most managely benefit. Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Discounted Cash Flows Model Capital Asset Pricing Model is a linear family between returns on individual extractions and stock market returns over time (Block & Hirt, 2005).One use of CAPM is to analyze the performance of mutual funds and other portfolios (CAPM, 2008). Although, more than one legislation exists for the CAPM, the most special K is referred to as the market risk premium model presented below (Block & Hirt, 2005) r = Rf + beta (Km Rf) Where r is the anticipate return place on a tribute Rf = the risk free regularise of return ( silver)B = beta coefficient, or historical unpredictability of frequent stock relative to market index Km = is the return order of the appropriate plus class The market risk premium formula assumes that the rate of return or premium demanded by investors is directly proportional to the perceived risk associated with the common stock. Beta measures the volatility of the security relative to the asset class. The equation is saying that investors require higher levels of expected returns to compensate them for higher expected risk.This formula lav be thought as predicting a securitys behavior as a function of beta CAPM says that if a person knows a securitys beta then they know the none value of (r) that investors expect it to have (see graph below) (CAPM, 2008). pic More volatile stocks will have a beta coefficient greater than 1. 0, whereas less volatile stocks will have a beta less than 1. 0. If the risk free rate of return (Rf) and average market return (Km) argon considered fixed, then the required rate of return for company stock can be calculated for the required rate of return.As an example, if the market risk premium (Km Rf) is 6% and a risk free rate of return (Rf) is 4%, then the required rate of return would equal 10% for B = 1 and 16% for B = 2. The Discounted Cash Flow Model (DCFM) is another standard way of determining the cost of legality. It assu mes that a firms current stock price is equal to the present (discounted) value of whole expected proximo dividends from the investment (Utility Regulation, 2008). Modern financial theory contends that the price of a firms stock is the present value of the future cash flows discounted at an appropriate interest group rate (Freeman & Gagne, 1992).To calculate the current stock value, calculate the present value of future dividends and growth in the value of the stock at some future date. The discount rate used for this present value calculation is the weighted average cost of capital for the firm. Both the CAPM and DCF models involve applying data from a single or group of companies, to evaluate the current stock value of a single company. CAPM is more objective and complicated, and requires more calculation and data from the market. DCF is more subjective and simplified.One such DCF assumption is that future dividends will grow forever at a constant rate. Since this assumption i s not always true, the DCF method gives a more qualitative estimate of the cost of capital. Limitations of CAPM includes, model uncertainty, it is difficult to know for sure if the use of the model is theoretically correct. stimulation uncertainty, is another limitation, it is difficult to estimate the appropriate risk premiums accurately (CAPM limitations, 2008). Limitations of the DCF model include miss growth options, options to expand and options to redirect (DCFM, 2008).Debt/ uprightness Mix Debt/ truth mix is a financing strategy used by companies to help fund the business or other investments. Most companies use a gang of both in order to ensure stability and to keep long-term cost down. Debt is the borrowing of money from other lenders such as finance companies and banks. integrated debt has increased dramatically in the last tierce decades. (Block & Hirt, pg. 468) Other forms of debt include issuing bonds and leasing. Debt has become a common item on balance wheel she et for many companies, including those dependable starting out.Debt financing allows companies to finance without having to sell stock or bring in more partners. The major benefit for debt financing, unlike with equity financing, the owner retains full ownership of their business. Bringing in more partners or stockholders in a company causes the overtaking of primary ownership and possibly the loss of the reason the company was created. Equity is another form of financing. Equity is also used by large and small companies. Equity is financed by other people. With equity financing the initial owner/borrower has a greater risk of losing their company to the partners that have become involved.On the other hand the borrower in an equity finance loan has flexibility on avengement terms and the form of repayment (ie. cash, stock, bonds or services). However, most major corporations have a mixture of debt and equity with fashioning sure they do not have to much leverage in either one. T he formula for figuring out what a companys debt-equity ratio is (Block & Hirt) Debt/Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities Shareholders Equity Dividend Policy A companys dividend policy is up to the company and the profits that are do. If the company is just starting out they may not want to pay dividends to their stockholders.A beginning company may want to reinvest any winnings that are made in order to help the company expand. In choosing either to pay a dividend to stockholders or to reinvest the funds in the company, managements first good will is whether the firm will be able to earn a higher return for the stockholders (Block & Hirt, pg. 547). When deciding on a dividend policy the stockholders preference must be considered. The stockholder may or may not want to receive dividends and may only have concern with the value of their investment at relinquishment time.If expanding a business the dividends that are normally sent out will possibly be lower to help cover the cost of e xpanding. The expansion may also cause the dividends to increase. Some investors care about he future net profit and the increase that may occur because of the expansion and earnings increase. Characteristics and addresss of Debt and Equity Instruments The purchasers of equity instruments have the rights to vote on issues, gain ownership and future earnings of the business. Examples of equity instruments are common stock, preferred stock and retained earnings. enquire Dr Econ, 2008) Common stock is a form of equity instruments, advantages are the common stockholders will share in the companys profitability, does not have to repay investment, dividends, and the votes can influence management. The disadvantages of common stock, the vote may dilute the managements interest in the corporations growth, and the non-management stockholders can increase in the voting power, and the maximum risk falls on the investor. (Raymond, 2002) The cost of common equity is important as the ultimate ownership of the firm resides in common stock (Block & Hirt, 2005).The cost of issuing new common stock is expressed as Kn = D1 / (Po F) + g D1 = First year common dividend, Po = Price of common stock, F = Flotation selling costs, g = Constant growth rate in earnings (Block & Hirt, 2005) Preferred stock is another form of equity instruments, advantages are stocks offers stipulated dividend on an annual or semi-annual basis, preference rights over common stock and dividend payments and liquidating distributions. The dividends can accrue at a certain rate and paid on a cumulative basis.The disadvantage includes a subordination of dividends to be paid on common stock and limitations on the use of corporate fund to the effect that pre-established dividend payments. (Raymond, 2002) The cost of issuing new preferred stock is Kp = Dp ( Pp F) Where Dp = Preferred dividend, Pp = price of preferred stock, and F = Flotation selling costs. (Block & Hirt, 2005) Retained earnings are equivale nt to past and present earnings of the firm minus previously distributed dividends (Block & Hirt, 2005).In order to convince shareholders that earnings will equal larger dividends and equity later, it is important to calculate the present value of projected future cash flow. The equation for cost of retained earnings is equivalent to the cost of subsisting common stock Ke = D1 / Po + g This can be used to reacquire outstanding treasury stock at market price. The cost of retained earnings does not include the flotation or sales cost associated with new issues of common or preferred stock. (Block & Hirt, 2005) Debt instruments are requires a fixed payment with interest, examples are bonds, government or corporation and mortgages. Ask Dr Econ, 2008) Bondholders do not gain ownership, paid before other expenses, less risky and not entitle to future profits in the business. (Raymond, 2002). Disadvantages include potential restrictions on operations, limitations on the use of working ca pital (Raymond, 2002). Bond financing includes the zero-coupon rate bond and the floating rate bond. The cost of debt is measured by the after-tax cost of debt and must be calculated as follows Kd = Yield (1 t) where Yield = deliver to maturity and t = tax rateThe yield to maturity of a bond is dependent on a number of variables annual interest payment, leading payment, bond price and years to maturity. The yield to maturity for a bond can be calculated using a bond table, or using the equation below Y = annual interest payment + (principal payment bond price) / years to maturity) (Block & Hirt, 2005) Evaluation of Long-Term Financing Alternatives Organizations have several opportunities foralternative long-term financing to help the organization expand and grow, raise capital depleted by inflation and to supplement insufficient funds generated internally by the organization.Debts for organizations have risen over the past three decades. Organizations are faced with the task of continuing to raise capital to cover the organizations debts. Organizations can use bonds, stocks, leasing and other options as options for long-term financing Bonds Most large organizations use corporate bonds for long-term financing. The bond commensurateness specifies such basic items as the par value, the coupon rate, and the maturity date (Block & Hirt, 2005). The initial value of a bond is the bonds par value or face value. The interest rate on the bond is the coupon rate.The hesitation of interest rates in the market affect the coupon rate of the bond after the bond has been issued. The ending date in which repayment of the principal of the bond is due is the maturity date. The bond agreement or indenture is the legal document that covers the bond from issuance to repayment. Organizations can put up a secured bond offering such as a mortgage agreement, where specific assets are promised to bondholders should they default on the bond or choose an unsecured, or debenture bon d offering which doesnt specify a specific asset. Stocks Common stock is on way an organization can secure long-term equity financing.Common stock is issued at a price per share to relatives, friends and investors. The funds are used by the organization to help the organization grow. The organization can issued to stockholders as dividends to show a payback on the capital investment. The remaining funds after the organization pays out dividends become retained earnings for the organization and are reinvested back into the organization. Individuals who have ownership in the organization can hold preferred stock. Preferred stock holders are repaid first should the organization read for bankruptcy.Leasing Organizations can lease assets instead of financing them. Leasing can give an organization that is short on funds or is not credit worthy profuse to borrow funds a way to obtain assets. Leasing an asset is generally more expensive than purchasing the asset. By leasing assets, the or ganization reduces cash outflow so they can use those funds for other ventures. Organizations can lease assets such as furniture, equipment and land. The organization can choose a Capital Lease agreement where the organization purchases the asset at the end of the lease period.Organizations in a higher tax bracket can take advantage of a dispraise write-off tax advantage by purchasing an asset and leasing the asset to another organization in a lower tax bracket. Other Alternatives Organizations can use Factoring to borrow capital. The factor generally charges higher interest rates than banks. Factors generally review credit history, but the organization may unbosom be able to borrow due to the quality of the organizations collateral rather than their project projections. Conclusion Expanding a company can be a big step and many plans must be laid out and consider before the final decision can be made.Cost is the biggest factor that must be considered when expanding. The second fac tor to consider is who or how the cost is going to be covered. Most companies consider there finance options. Financing option that should be considered include taking on more debt, issuing bonds, and selling stock. With these options the interest rate, the selling price of the stock and how much of the company they would like to give up all must be considered when choosing an option. The better option would be to do a mix of all of the financing options to keep the balance sheet leveled, and the company in good financial standing.References Ask Dr Econ. (2008) Federal Reserve Bank of San FranciscoWhat are the differences between debt and equity markets? Retrieved October 31, 2008 from http//www. frbsf. org/education/activities/drecon/answerxml. cfm? selectedurl=/2005/0510. html Block, S. B. , & Hirt, G. A. , (2005). Foundations of fiscal Management (11th ed. ). New York McGraw-Hill. Capital Asset Pricing Model, (2008). Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http//www. moneychimp. com/g lossary/capm/htm. Capital Asset Pricing Model

Discrimination Model of Supervision Essay

naturalise counseling is a complex and demanding component of the counseling profession. With an increase of social and emotional stressors, children and youth of today depend numerous challenges. These challenges ultimately affect children in prepare. With an increase of suicides, drug abuse, gang involvement, and violence amongst youth, a high demand for condition counseling oversight is essential (Henderson, 1994). P arents and teachers often turn to school counselors for focal point in helping troubled youth.Effective supervision is a benefit for novice as well as experienced school counselors. However, there is a lack of supervision in school counseling in comparison to clinical counseling (Wood & Rayle, 2006). Duties of school counselors have got increasingly become much more vast due to cost reduction in education, retirement, increase in student enrollment, and an increase in social issues such as the economic recession. Many novice and experienced school counselors are facing many more problems in the schools today than ever before. The lack of qualified supervision provided to school counselors force those in the profession to rely on self judgment, consultation, and having ethical knowledge about certain situations that may develop (Henderson, 1994).A study conducted by Wiggins (1993) found more than 28% of the total group of experienced counselor participants were independently rated as low in impellingness, 10 years previously, they were still rated in that manner and still employed as counselors (p. 382). This study reinforced the urgency in the need for supervision for school counselors. If an effective supervision sit down was put in place, surely after 10 years, an improvement in performance by these experienced counselors would have been documented.According Herlihy and Corey (1996), the ACA grave of Ethics stated schoolcounselors have a responsibility to monitor their effectiveness, seeking supervision when usurp. Despite this mandate, an enormous majority of professional school counselors are not involved in any clinical supervision once they are employed as a school counselor. Luke and Bernard (2006) proposed using a 3 (focus of supervision) x 3 ( supervisor role) x 4 (CSCP domain) matrix for an effective school counseling supervision model which is described as an extension of Bernards (1979, 1997) contrast Model (p. 283).The discrimination model was initially created as a teaching model for use with apprentice supervisors. It is a theoretical model and is based on technical eclecticism. The discrimination model focuses on three separate foci of the supervisees competence intervention skills conceptualization skills and personalization skills. Three supervisory roles are also a focus teacher, counselor and consultant (Ladany & Bradley, 2010). The school counselor model of supervision with the discrimination model is the chosen model employed for my school counselor supervision practice.Intervention, c onceptualization, and personalization skills are the three identified areas of focus (Ladany & Bradley, 2010). Intervention skills are the observable counselor behaviors and activities that the supervisee utilizes in the counseling relationship. Such skills are described as everything from a simple head nod, greeting of the client, to how the supervisee utilizes empathy and other counseling skills. The next area of focus, conceptualization skills include the counselors tycoon to choose an appropriate intervention, to gravel sense of what a client is presenting, to find and organize client themes, and to establish process and outcome goals.Finally, personalization skills are observed by the supervisor and focus on the individuality of the supervisee. Personalization skills include the personal style and chosen theoretical approach to counseling by the trainee, which includes personality, cultural background, countertransference, and the connection with clients served (Ladany & Brad ley, 2010). Although some conceptualization and personalization skills may be observed directly, they are more often interpreted by the supervisor and initially require discourse between counselor and supervisor to become clean up (Luke & Bernard, 2006).The supervisors roles consist of three areas of focal point. They include that of a teacher, counselor, and consultant. The role of a teacher by the supervisor includes the supervisor providing instruction, modeling, giving feedback, and conducting evaluation to advert the trainee in developing growth (Ladany & Bradley, 2010). The supervisor employing the role of a counselor involves the supervisor asking supervisees to reflect on an activity, on their thoughts, or on their internal reality.When supervisors adopt this role, they are not telling supervisees how to proceed rather, they are assisting the supervisee to take advantage of a critical moment for reflection (Luke & Bernard, 2006). Lastly the supervisor serves as a consulta nt. In this role the supervisor and supervisee collaborate and share responsibility for the supervisees growth. The supervisor acts as a resource and encourages the supervisee to trust their birth thoughts, insights, and feelings in their work (Luke & Bernard, 2006).The extension of the discrimination model to better adapt to the needs of school counseling supervision incorporates four domains large group guidance responsive counseling and consultation individual advisement and programmatic planning, coordination, and evaluation, also known as systems support (Gysbers & Henderson, 2001). These four domains are identified by the American School Counselor Association as the key components of an effective blanket(prenominal) school counseling program.Implementation of the discrimination model of supervision begins with the incorporation of the four domains of the comprehensive school counseling program. First, the supervisor identifies which of the four domains or a combination of do mains will be the focus of supervision. When examining the three major areas of focus of the discrimination model, an extra set of skills are reviewed as it relates to intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills (Luke & Bernard, 2006). When observing the use of intervention skills in counseling and consultation classroom guidance skills, conduction of a needs assessment, and the ability to coordinate initiatives for staff would be additional focus during supervision. Similarly, conceptualization skills would include the superviseesunderstanding of the relationship among various activities conducted by school counselors, planning a school wide function, deciding which components would be most helpful for a career day, developing a plan for evaluation of services, and choosing a developmentally appropriate classroom intervention.Finally, supervisee personalization skills would include how novice school counselors conduct themselves in a variety of contexts that is not limited to just individual counseling, such as lead-in large groups and asserting themselves in advocacy situations (Luke & Bernard, 2006). The implementation of the discrimination model of supervision in a school setting for novice school counselors mirrors the said(prenominal) frame work that is used for supervising clinical work but extends the focus of supervision to include the intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills that relate directly to the four dimensions of a no-hit comprehensive school counseling program. Supervisors roles also expand using the discrimination model of supervision in school counseling.Supervisors use the four dimensions of the comprehensive school counseling program to assist with the development in particular skills not only in counseling interventions but also in advising sessions and negotiations with parents and school administrators. Supervisors assist supervisees in reflections and feelings about district-sponsored mandated p rograms and how these thoughts and feelings impact their performance (Luke & Bernard, 2006).Supervisors utilize all roles as teacher, counselor, and consultant and may need to change focus depending on the intervention and skills cosmos developed. In conclusion, this extension of the discrimination model of supervision for school counselors prove to provide beneficial guidance and assistance to novice school counselor professionals. This model of supervision helps to combine the counseling and therapy focus seen mostly in clinical supervision with the requirements of school counseling skills needed to operate an effective comprehensive school counseling program.ReferencesGysbers, N. & Henderson, P. (2001). Comprehensive guidance and counseling programs A rich history and a bright future. Professional School Counseling, 4, 246-256. Henderson, P. (1994). Supervision of school counselors. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from ERICDatabase. (ED372353).Herlihy, B. & Corey, G. (1996). ACA ethical standards standard 5th ed. Alexandria, VAAmerican Counseling Association.Ladany, N. & Bradley, L. (2010). Counselor supervision 4th ed. New York, NY Routledge,Taylor & Francis Group.Luke, M. & Bernard, J. (2006). The school counseling supervision model An extension of thediscrimination model. Counselor study and Supervision, 46(4), 282-295. Wiggins, J. D. (1993). A 10-year follow-up of counselors rated high, average, or low in effectiveness. The School Counselor, 40, 380-383.Wood, C. & Rayle, A. (2006). A model of school counseling supervision The goals, functions,roles, and systems model. Counselor Education & Supervision, 45(4), 253-266.

And Still We Rise Essay Essay

It is a unique get word to be rendered completely helpless, to be put completely at the mercy of a nonher human being by force. I have felt complete meekness of this shape once in my smell I lay on the cold, wet grass, confused, slowly return consciousness after being elapsed out. As I look back on how I have lived my life over the past couple years, this incident is one of the most influential factors. by and by being so overpowered by another man, I decided that I could never let this kind of thing happen to me again. I became extremely motivated to lift weights, and to learn wrestling and MMA. This experience motleyd my expectations for myself and helped me get wind that it is in my hands to decide how I am perceived.It was a dispute over nothing. Two guys, impelled by a natural instinct to fight, finding an excuse to challenge each other. These two guys were me, a scrawny, 100lb 8th grader, and Collin a well built 22 year old. We were sitting around a bon excitation wi th five other friends, but only six fold-out chairs. Collin suggested tap out to decide who got the last chair, and the next thing I remember is the utterly confused feeling as I regained my senses one by one. It was a full minute before I really knew what had happened unable to break a choke hold, I had refused to tap out and collapsed unconscious on the ground. It is hard to describe the mix of relief and shame that I felt as I walked away from the incident. Even though I trusted and see Collin, he had just proved my vulnerability and made me realize my lack of confidence.I did not, however, accept my defencelessness and move on. I realized that there was no reason for me to have settled for my skinny touching build, and I hit the weights. I started lifting six days a week a friend of mine and within three months, had put on fifteen pounds of muscle. A full year later, I weighed clv and bench pressed over 200lbs. This incident is also one of the main reasons I started wrestli ng, a edition that I have grown to love and excel in. To complete my self- mendment plan, I took a some MMA classes and got some sparring equipment and a heavy bag to practice on. Since then, Ive spent hours in my service department letting my anger out on that bag to staying in wrestling shape. Of course I am no were close to my vision for myself, still only 5 8, and well below my address of muscular development, but I nookie see that it is possible.This whole process has taught me that I am I control of my own destiny. Any goal is attainable if you work for it, and what doesnt kill you makes you stronger. This event was not the only factor contributing to my decision to change, I hated being skinny. It was however an incredible catalyst, big me a specific reason around which to focus my efforts. It made me realize that you are born with no restrictions. No matter what your natural conditions are, they can be changed and formed to fit your ideals. Furthermore, its up to you to change them and the effort you put in will be directly reflected in your outcome. This experience brought to light that, when I have a goal in mind, I am incredibly motivated and focused. It has shown that I can maintain interest in a goal and continually set the bar higher and higher.This experience has changed the way I perceive and carry myself. It has shaped me into someone who is comfortable with their abilities and willing to work to improve themselves. It has shown my ability to let setbacks help me grow and demonstrated my strong self motivation. Ultimately, I am truly thankful for Collin and what he did for me, in a sense, being completely helpless has been one of the most empowering situations of my life so far.