Life of John Rolfe, Husband of Pocahontas

Life of John Rolfe, Husband of Pocahontas John Rolfe (1585â€1622) was a British pioneer of the Americas. He was a significant figure in Virginia governmental issues and a business visionary who assumed a critical job in establishing the Virginia tobacco exchange. Be that as it may, he is most popular as the man who wedded Pocahontas, the girl of Powhatan, leader of the Powhatan alliance of Algonquin tribes.â Quick Facts: John Rolfe Known For: British homesteader who wedded Pocahontas Born: October 17, 1562 in Heacham, England Died: March 1622 in Henrico, Virginia Spouses Names: Sarah Hacker (m. 1608â€1610), Pocahontas (m. 1614â€1617), Jane Pierce (m. 1619) Childrens Names: Thomas Rolfe (child of Pocahontas), Elizabeth Rolfe (girl of Jane Pierce) Early Years Rolfe was conceived on Oct. 17, 1562 to a well off family in Heacham, England. His family claimed Heacham estate and his dad was an effective trader in Lynn.â Very little is thought about Rolfes instruction or life in England, however in July of 1609, he left for Virginia on the Sea-Venture, the leader of a few vessels conveying pioneers and arrangements and the principal gathering of government authorities to the new state at Jamestown.â Wrecked in Bermuda Rolfe carried with him his first spouse, Sarah Hacker. The Sea-Venture was destroyed in a tempest on the Bermudas, yet all the travelers endure and Rolfe and his better half remained on Bermuda for eight months. There they had a little girl, who they named Bermuda, and-critically for his future vocation Rolfe may have acquired examples of West Indies tobacco.â â Rolfe lost the two his first spouse and girl in Bermuda. Rolfe and the enduring wrecked travelers left Bermuda in 1610. At the point when they showed up in May 1610, the Virginia state had recently endured the destitute time, a dismal period in early American history. Over the winter of 1609â€1610, the pilgrims were assailed by plague and yellow fever, and attacks by the nearby occupants. An expected 75% of the English homesteaders of Virginia passed on of starvation or starvation-related sicknesses that winter.â Tobacco Somewhere in the range of 1610 and 1613, Rolfe explored different avenues regarding the local tobacco at his home in Henricus and prevailing with regards to delivering a leaf that was all the more satisfying to the British sense of taste. His variant was named the Orinoco, and it was created from the blend of a nearby form and seeds from Trinidad that he had carried with him from Spain or maybe acquired in Bermuda. He is additionally attributed with designing a relieving procedure to forestall decay during the long ocean journey to England, just as the soddenness of the English climate.â By 1614, dynamic fares of tobacco were being sent back to England, and Rolfe is frequently attributed as the principal individual to propose developing tobacco as a money crop in the Americas, the significant wellspring of pay for Virginia for quite a long time to follow. Wedding Pocahontas All through this period, the Jamestown state kept on experiencing an antagonistic relationship with the Native American occupants, the Powhatan clan. In 1613, Captain Samuel Argall abducted Powhatans most loved girl, Pocahontas, and in the end, she was brought to Henricus. There she got strict guidance from the settlements serve, Rev. Alexander Whitaker, and changed over to Christianity, taking the name Rebecca. She additionally met John Rolfe.â Rolfe wedded her around April 5, 1614, in the wake of sending a letter to the legislative head of Virginia requesting consent to do as such, to benefit the Plantation, the respect of our Country, for the Glory of God, for my own salvation, and for the Converting to the genuine information on Jesus Christ an unbelieving Creature, in particular Pocahontas.â A Temporary Peace After Rolfe wedded Pocahontas, connections between the British pioneers and Pocahontas clan subsided into a period of amicable business and exchange. That opportunity made chances to develop the state as it had not seen before.â Pocahontas had a child, Thomas Rolfe, conceived in 1615, and on April 21, 1616, Rolfe and his family joined an endeavor back to Britain to promote the Virginia state. In England, Pocahontas as the Lady Rebecca was gotten eagerly: among different occasions, she went to The Vision of Delight, an illustrious court masque composed by Ben Jonson for King James I and his significant other Queen Anne.â Come back to Virginia In March of 1616, Rolfe and Pocahontas began for home, yet she was sick and kicked the bucket on board the boat before it left England. She was covered at Gravesend; their newborn child, too sick to even consider surviving the journey, was abandoned to be raised by Rolfes sibling Henry.â When Rolfe came back to his home in Henricus, he held a few unmistakable situations in the Jamestown province. He was named Secretary in 1614 and in 1617 held the workplace of Recorder General.â â Passing and Legacy In 1620, Rolfe wedded Jane Pierce, the girl of Captain William Pierce, and they had a little girl named Elizabeth. In 1621, the Virginia settlement started effectively raising assets for the College of Henricus, a life experience school for youthful Native Americans to prepare them to turn out to be more English.â Rolfe developed sick in 1621, and he composed a will, which was drawn up in Jamestown on March tenth of 1621. The will was in the end probated in London on May 21, 1630, and that duplicate has survived.â Rolfe kicked the bucket in 1622, half a month prior to the Great Indian Massacre of March 22, 1622, drove by Pocahontass uncle Opechancanough. Almost 350 of the British settlers were executed, finishing the uncomfortable harmony which had been built up, and about stopping Jamestown itself. John Rolfe significantly affected the Jamestown state in Virginia, in his union with Pocahontas which built up an eight-year-long harmony, and in the making of a money crop, tobacco, on which the youngster provinces could use to endure economically.â Sources Carson, Jane. The Will of John Rolfe. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 58.1 (1950): 58â€65. Print.Kramer, Michael Jude. The 1622 Powhatan Uprising and Its Impact on Anglo-Indian Relations. Illinois State University 2016. Print.Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. Lack of care and Death in Early Jamestown. The Journal of American History 66.1 (1979): 24â€40. Print.Rolfe, Jo. Letter from John Rolfe to Sir Thos. Dale. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 22.2 (1914): 150â€57. Print.Tratner, Michael. Interpreting Values: Mercantilism and the Many Biographies of Pocahontas. Memoir 32.1 (2009): 128â€36. Print.Vaughan, Alden T. Ejection of the Salvages: English Policy and the Virginia Massacre of 1622. The William and Mary Quarterly 35.1 (1978): 57â€84. Print.

Tesco Case Study with Questions Essay Example

Tesco Case Study with Questions Essay Tesco, notable as Britain’s driving food retail bunch with a nearness likewise in Europe and Asia has additionally been a pioneer on the web. As this Tesco. com contextual investigation appears, retailer Tesco is commonly perceived as the universes biggest online food merchant and it has a yearly turnover of ? 1 billion online in the UK and has propelled in different nations, universally and is broadening into non-food classifications. http://www. tescocorporate. com/plc/In 2006/7, Tesco. com deals were accounted for to be deals up 29. %, benefit (pre-Direct beginning up costs) up 48. 5%; †¢More subtleties on online deals and non-food deals subtleties are likewise given in the principle www. tescoplc. com/plc/Today the tesco. com model works in the UK, the Republic of Ireland and South Korea. Online basic food item deals have surpassed ? 1 billion without precedent for the UK alone. We have a functioning client base of 850,000 and in excess of 250,000 requests are present ly being finished every week. In the UK, almost 1,860 vans work out of 294 stores. In our Newcastle store our administration is well known to such an extent that there are presently 18 vans conveying to neighborhood clients. Drivers convey somewhere in the range of 9am and 11pm, and our staff begin picking our customers’ orders from 6am. A record-breaking 1. 3 million customers picked tesco. com to convey their presents and goods over Christmas, and to ensure that these were completely picked effectively, our staff began picking considerably before, at 4am. Tesco. com have around 9,000 pickers, the lion's share in existing stores, yet one explicit conveyance store has been opened in Croydon. ttp://www. theregister. co. uk/2006/01/17/tesco_mobile_xmas/1. Deals at Tesco. com, the UK showcase pioneer in home shopping, rose by 32% year-on-year, however they still just speak to over 3% of its UK deals of ? 32. 7bn! Tesco said it had 750,000 normal clients and 200,000 requests every week web based giving an all out turnover drawing nearer ? 1 billion Update Tesco Direct propelled Read http://www. internetretailer. com/2006/10/06/u-k-s-tesco-dispatches tesco-direct-for-non-food-online-deals In 2006, Tesco propelled Tesco Direct to equal list retailers, for example, Argos. We will compose a custom article test on Tesco Case Study with Questions explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Tesco Case Study with Questions explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Tesco Case Study with Questions explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer More than 8,000 items will be accessible from beds and couches through to kitchenware, electricals, cameras, bicycles and golf clubs giving clients a bigger number of items at incredible Tesco costs than they have ever approached previously. Clients can pick the item they need on another site or from another index and afterward request in one of three different ways: †¢On-line by means of the tesco. com site †¢By telephone †¢In chose stores at the new Tesco Direct work areas In the official statement for this update it was accounted for that Tesco. com now has ? million customary basic food item customers with more than 200,000 requests for every week and accomplished over ? 1 billion in deals in 2005. Tesco Product goes The Tesco. com webpage goes about as an entrance to the majority of Tescos items, including different non-food ranges (for instance, Books, DVDs and Electrical things under the ‘Extra’ pennant), Tesco Personal Finance and the telecoms organizations, just as administrations offered in association with master organizations, for example, slimming down clubs, flights and occasions, music downloads, gas, power and DVD rentals. It doesn't right now sell apparel on the web yet in May 2005 it presented a garments site (www. clothingattesco. com), at first at to grandstand Tescos apparel brands and connection clients to their closest store with this range. Tesco Competitors Tesco as of now drives the UK’s other driving staple retailers as far as piece of the pie. This example is rehashed on the web. The arrangement underneath is from Hitwise (2005) and the figures in sections show piece of the overall industry for conventional disconnected retail organizes from the Taylor Nelson Softres Super Panel (see http://superpanel. tns-worldwide. com). 1. Tesco Superstore, 27. 28% (29% of retail exchange) 2. ASDA, 13. 36% 3. ASDA @t Home, 10. 13% (17. 1%) 4. Sainsburys, 8. 42% 5. Tesco Wine Warehouse, 8. 19% 6. Sainsburys to You, 5. 86% (15. 9%) 7. Waitrose. com, 3. 42% (3. 6%) 8. Ocado, 3. 2% (claimed by Waitrose, 3. 6%) 9. Lidl, 2. 49% (1. 8%) 10. ALDI †UK, 2. 10% (2. 3%) †¢http://www. tesco. com/talkingtesco/oldDefault. asp Some organizations are rehashed since both their fundamental website and the web based shopping webpage are accounted for on independently. Asda. com now is by all accounts acting in a reliable way online to its disconnected nearness. In any case, Sainsburys online execution is by all accounts essentially lower contrasted with its disconnected exhibition. A few suppliers, for example, Ocado which initially just worked inside the London territory have a solid nearby exhibition. Quite, some of Tesco. om contenders are missing from the Hitwise posting since their system has been to concentrate on retail arranges. These are Morrisons (12. 5% retail share, Somerfield (5. 5%) and Co-operation (5. 0%). Advancement of Tesco benefits As with other online retailers, Tesco. com depends on in-store publicizing and advertising to the general stores Clubcard dependability plans client base to convince clients to shop on the web. NMA (2005) cites Nigel Dodd, promoting chief at Tesco. com as saying: ‘These are important sources as we have such a solid client base’. In any case, for non-food merchandise the grocery store advertises web based utilizing catchphrase focused on promotions. For existing clients, email showcasing and post office based mail advertising to give unique offers and advancements to clients is significant. As indicated by Humby (2003), e-retailer Tesco. com use what he portrays as a ‘commitment-based segmentation’ or ‘loyalty ladder’ which depends on recency of procurement, recurrence of procurement and worth which is utilized to distinguish 6 lifecycle classes which are then additionally partitioned to target correspondences: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Logged-on† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cautionary† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Developing† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Established† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dedicated† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Logged-off† (the point here is to winback) Tesco then utilize computerized occasion activated informing can be made to ncourage proceeded with buy. For instance, Tesco. com have a touch methodology which incorporates an arrangement of follow-up interchanges activated after various occasions in the client lifecycle. In th e model given underneath, correspondences after occasion 1 are proposed to accomplish the target of changing over a site guest to activity; interchanges after occasion 2 are planned to move the client from a first time buyer to a standard buyer and for occasion 3 to reactivate slipped by buyers. †¢Trigger occasion 1: Customer first registers nearby (however doesn't accepting). Automated message (AR) 1: 2 days after enlistment email sent contribution telephone help and ? 5 markdown off first buy to energize preliminary. Trigger occasion 2: Customer first buys on the web. †¢AR1: Immediate request affirmation †¢AR2: 5 days after buy email sent with connection to online consumer loyalty overview getting some information about nature of administration from driver and picker (e. g. thing quality and replacements). †¢AR3: fourteen days after first buy Direct mail offering tips on the most proficient method to utilize administration and ? 5 markdown on next buys proposed to support re-utilization of online administrations. AR4: Generic month to month e-bulletin with online selective offers empowering strategically pitching †¢AR5: Bi-week by week alert with customized offers for client. †¢AR6: After 2 months ? 5 markdown for next shop †¢AR7: Quarterly mailing of coupons empowering rehash deals and cross-deals Trigger occasion 3: Customer doesn't buy for an all-encompassing period †¢AR1: Dormancy recognized †Reactivation email with review of how the client is finding the administration (to distinguish any issues) and a ? 5 motivation. †¢AR2: A further markdown motivating force is utilized so as to urge proceeded with utilization to shop after the principal shop after a break. Tesco’s online item technique NMA (2005) ran a profile of Laura Wade-Gery CEO of Tesco. com since January 2004 which gives a fascinating knowledge into how the business has run. In her first year, all out deals were expanded 24% to ? 719 million. Laura, is 40 years of age, a sharp competitor and has followed a shifted profession creating from a MA in History at Magdalen College, Oxford, a MBA from Insead; Manager and accomplice in Kleinwort Benson; Manager and senior specialist, Gemini Consulting; Targeted showcasing chief (Tesco Clubcard), and Group procedure irector, Tesco Stores. The development administered by Wade-Gery has been accomplished through a blend of activities. Item extend improvement is one key territory. In mid 2005, Tesco. com satisfied 150,000 staple requests seven days however now likewise offers progressively impalpable contributions, for example, e-diets and music downloads. She has additionally centered around improving the client experience online †the time it takes for another client to finish their first request has been diminished from longer than an hour to 35 minutes through ease of use work coming full circle in a significant website update. To help the business has it enhances into new territories, Wade-Gery’s technique was ‘to make home conveyance part of the DNA of Tesco’ as per NMA (2005). She proceeds: ‘What we offer is conveyance to your home of a Tesco administration †its a conspicuous augmentation of the home-conveyed goods idea. ’ My May 2005, Tesco. com had 30,000 clients pursued DVD rental, through accomplice Video Island (who run the opponent Screenselect administration). Throughout the following year, her objective is to treble this aggregate, while a

Case Study on Strategic Management of Global Companies

Contextual analysis on Strategic Management of Global Companies 1.1 What are the key contrasts between the two records of Hondas passage into the US showcase? 2The first case is described by The Harvard Business School dependent on the Boston counseling (BCG) Report while the subsequent case, An Insiders Account of Hondas Entry into the US Market is an immediate portrayal recorded by Richard Pascale. The BCG report clarifies on the Honda Company as a developed business and a blend of its rivals in the US. As certified for the situation; Hondas contenders were Harley-Davidson, BSA, Triumph, Norton, and Moto-Guzzi. Though, the subsequent case illuminates how the organization started without any preparation and its excursion through the troublesome occasions. Richard Pascales article clarifies the difficulties that the organization experienced during its beginning, for example, trouble in getting reserves; treatment of the cruiser vendors was rude, while in the BCG article no difficulties were referenced. The BCG report underscores more on the Hondas inside and out innovative work division for example having more staff; as said in the article, the RD was set up with 700 creators/engineers, increment in the creation level subsequently greater interest in the RD office. While the second case doesnt disclose anything with respect to the innovative work since it is taking the business at an activity level. The BCG report features target advertise when all is said in done while the subsequent article clarifies target showcase in subtleties as said for the situation, the organization picked Los Angeles as the area whereby their objective market comprised of second and third era of Japanese people group. Richard Pascales article obviously recognized the companys items offered to the market as expressed in the article; the items were 50cc, 125cc, 250cc and 350cc machines while in the principal exposition clarifies the general review of the companys items. 1.2 REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY: Herbert Rotters previous Goldwing page previous Yamaha Virago 1100 page, Personal Homepage, Honda Motorcycle 350 CB [Image] http://www.porzellanpuppen.at/hpbikes/bikeenglish.htm Electronic Source Cover Page Image Greenwich University; Course Work: The Honda Effect, Case Study Scenario. Contextual analysis 2-LAURA ASHLEY 2.1 Map Laura Ashleys partners utilizing a force/intrigue lattice. 4Stakeholders are people, gatherings or associations who are influenced straightforwardly or in a roundabout way by associations objectives, destinations, activities and approaches. 5Stakeholder Analysis is a device used to perceive the partners and explore their requirements as they are the ones who are worried about the activities occurring inside the association. The point of this investigation is to recognize the partners premiums, concerns and oversee associations with them. The strategy used to get to partners is Mendelows Stakeholder Matrix which has two measurements; Power and Interest with four quadrants. [6] Interest discusses the partners worry towards an undertaking while power discusses the command over the task. Intrigue Insignificant Effort individuals who should be seen without exhausting them with superfluous correspondence. Keep Informed individuals who should be educated adequately, talked and ensure that no significant issues happen. They can help with the building up the undertaking subtleties. Keep Satisfied individuals who should be all around happy with not a lot that would exhaust them while understanding of the task. Key Player-individuals who must be related and happy with the endeavors made. 7Laura Ashleys partners are Analysts, London Stock Exchange Market, Malayan United Industries (MUI) investor Dr. Khoo, Customers, Government and Suppliers. It is fundamental that the partner the board ought to be directed in order to realize every partner level of intensity and enthusiasm alongside their effect on the organization. Anyway it is now and again hard to find all companys partners in a single casing as on account of Laura Ashley. Underneath is the table, of the Stakeholder Map demonstrating the procedures that are applied for Laura Ashley. Intrigue 2.2 REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY: Vintage Verity Adoring everything vintage, retro and absolute eccentric Laura Ashley logo [Image] http://vintageverity.wordpress.com/2008/02/27/cath-kidson-v-laura-ashley/ Electronic Source Cover Page Image Business Dictionary, An Ask.com Service, Definition of Stakeholder http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html Johnson et al, 2009, Fundamentals of Strategy: Definition of Stakeholder, first edn, page 90. Wikipedia, October 16, 2008, Stakeholder Analysis, Wikipedia Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stakeholder_analysis BaBou, March ninth, 2008, Leadership Champions, What is Stakeholder Analysis? Section 1: Definition and point of Stakeholder Analysis, http://leadershipchamps.wordpress.com/2008/03/09/what-is-partner examination Brain Tools Essential Skills for an incredible profession, Winning Support for your Projects, Stakeholder Analysis: Mendelows Stakeholder Matrix, http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_07.htm BaBou, March tenth, 2008, Leadership Champions, What is Stakeholder Analysis? Section 2: Mendelows Stakeholder Matrix, http://leadershipchamps.wordpress.com/2008/03/09/what-is-partner investigation/ Greenwich University; Course Work: Laura Ashley, Case Study Scenario Contextual investigation 3-APPLYING A BALANCED SCORECARD 3.1 What contentions would you use to convince an association to embrace the Balanced Scorecard approach? 9A Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is an apparatus that is utilized to quantify a companys business exercises corresponding to its vision alongside its systems. It gives supervisors a total information on the business execution. 10Figure 1 Normally when associations measure execution, it is the money related zone that is given more consideration while the remainder of the angles are not mulled over a lot. It is in this manner significant that associations should seek after in utilizing the decent scorecard. [11] Below are a portion of the advantages which the associations will pick up. One of them being a wellspring of course since it controls the administration just as recognizes what should be estimated so as to achieve hierarchical objectives which will consequently go about as an upper hand for the firm. With Balanced Scorecard, firms can decide both monetary just as non-money related measures. As said for the situation study, the parity scorecard was to join three new arrangements of measures with the standard money related ones, grasping the client, learning and development, and inward issues, for example, quality improvement and cost control. Adjusted scorecard permits firms to create just as extend in order to adjust new hierarchical methodologies, as said by Mr. Hofmeister for the situation study, it gives us better and better arrangement (between every single working unit) and spotlights consideration on whats significant and on results. Through the reasonable scorecard, associations can the contrast past involvement with request with improve its exhibition which will help anticipate what will occur later on. In spite of the fact that the development of rehearsing adjusted scorecard is moderate, anyway numerous associations have just acknowledged and are applying it. 3.2 REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY: Businessballs.com, Balanced Scorecard; Kaplan and Nortons hierarchical execution the executives device Balance Scorecard [Image] http://www.businessballs.com/balanced_scorecard.htm Papaers4You, Guide on How to compose University Essays, Coursework, Assignments and Dissertations: Definition of Balanced Scorecard, 2002-2007, http://college essays.tripod.com/balanced_scorecard.html Business Knowledge Source, What is a Balanced Scorecard, and what does it have to do with assembling? Meaning of Balanced Scorecard, http://www.businessknowledgesource.com/fabricating/what_is_a_balanced_scorecard_and_what_does_it_have_to_do_with_manufacturing_023647.html Ali, Md. Mohobbot, The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) A Critical Analysis, http://eprints.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/1391/1/18_0219_0232.pdf Queensland Government, Southbank Institute of Technology, Strategic objectives: Balanced Scorecard Framework [Image] http://www.southbank.edu.au/site/about/corporate/mission.asp Balboa, Jun 26, 2005. ECheat; Porters Five Forces, Value chain, Balanced: Critically assessment of Porters five powers, Value Chain Analysis, Balanced Scorecard Benefits of Balanced Scorecard. http://www.echeat.com/essay.php?t=27147 Business Knowledge Source, What is a Balanced Scorecard, and what does it have to do with assembling? Advantages of Balanced Scorecard, http://www.businessknowledgesource.com/fabricating/what_is_a_balanced_scorecard_and_what_does_it_have_to_do_with_manufacturing_023647.html Joining forces to Success, The Balanced Scorecard: Benefits from utilizing the Balanced Scorecard, http://www.thebalancedscorecard.com/benefits_bsc.htm Ali, Md. Mohobbot, The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) A Critical Analysis: Benefits of Balanced Scorecard http://eprints.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/1391/1/18_0219_0232.pdf Beverly Dianne Calhoun, Oct 19, 2004, Using the Balanced Scorecard to Determine Corporate Information Needs: Benefits of Balanced Scorecard http://www.designbydi.com/records/BalScrCrd.pdf Greenwich University; Course Work: Appling a Balanced Scorecard, Case Study Scenario Contextual investigation 4-FIAT: REBIRTH OF A CARMAKER 4.1 Using the data for the situation study attempt a SWOT investigation of Fiat at the hour of Sergio Marchionnes arrangement and recommend how a SWOT examination in 2008 may vary. 13SWOT examination is utilized for filtering an association (inside elements) just as its condition (outside components). The inner components incorporate strengths(S) and shortcomings (W) while the outside elements incorporate chance (O) and dangers (T). 14 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR FIAT GROUP AUTOMOBILES: The following is a table demonstrating SWOT Analysis before the year 2004. Qualities shortcomings Fiat off

What is Really Going on with Term Paper Writing Online

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Breaking Ground Of The Mental World - 919 Words

Breaking Ground in the Mental World â€Å"Opening Skinners Box† a book by Lauren Slater written about the ground breaking experiments in the psychological world. Posing ways to not only get the answers to all of the big questions but to understand why we chose to accept those answers. In the early years phycology was an unknown, scary and intimidating area that many people wanted answers to. In all of the compelling research and ground breaking experiments, for each answer that came up, two more questions came with it. The mind is a tricky thing to grasp, but thanks to a few well known scientists we are a little closer to understanding it. B.F. Skinner, the man who set the gold standard for shaping in behavioral anyalisis, known for his animal experiments using boxes built his way into becoming America’s leading neo-behaviorist. Skinner entered into the experimental world almost unintentionally, starting out life to become a novelist then completely switching gears on a whim of curiosity. Skinner didn’t start with a plan, he just had a question, he wanted to understand the behavior of living things. Thus, forming his infamous boxes, not knowing where it would lead him, but wanting to see it something was going to come from it. Using squirrels he began to use a reward system to train them, noticing that the squirrels can relate doing one form of action to get a treat. This experiment proved very promising and went onto applying the same training techniques to other animals andShow MoreRelatedThe Documentary Kings Park 1191 Words   |  5 Pagesthat follows Lucy Winer on her journey back to rediscover and analyze her time spent at the Kings Park Psychiatric Hospital. I found the film to be alarming as well as eye opening. 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Code of Ethics Analysis free essay sample

Analysis on a â€Å"Code of Ethics† A code of ethics is a set of written or unwritten rules that are established and followed by a formed establishment. Different professions have varying codes of ethics based of their relationship with the public and how their line of work could have direct consequences on the said â€Å"public†, whose very definition is up for debate. Why is a code of ethics put into place if people are expected to always do the right thing considering they are rational and moral people capable of making life altering decisions?Davis’ first argument to defend the lethal decision of Lund is that Lund was not trained to think like a manager. His background was in engineering. He then goes on the state that Engineers are typically in charge of things, while managers are in charge of people. In essence, he states that Lund was ill prepared to make a decision of that magnitude without proper training in management. We will write a custom essay sample on Code of Ethics Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But why is there even a difference in a code of ethics between professions? Why are people not expected to be ethical as a whole population?Davis then begins to talk about the process by which an occupation or a collaboration of workers becomes a profession. Then, once the occupation becomes a profession, they (out of conventionality) establish a code of ethics that is mutually agreed upon, meaning that engineers as a whole should be ethical people. Davis then argues that following a code of ethics is supposedly rational, thus, Lund being a rational person should prevent him from being an exception to the rules. Although he was asked to think like a manager, he is still an engineer.A code of ethics is necessary in order to be a guiding hand into the morally right direction. Another argument that Davis makes to defend Lund’s blatant ignorance of a code of ethics is that the code of ethics itself is entirely up for interpretation. One canon that is pointed out is that enginee rs should â€Å"hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public†. This is relevant in that the word public could include or neglect anyone, which would mean that Lund was still following a code of ethics.Davis states that the astronauts are not a part of the public because they are paid an exceptionally large income to be fully aware of the risks they are taking. Thus, they are not innocent bystanders because they have previous knowledge of the dangers that may lie in their immediate future. However, he also states that being directly unaware of the possibly defective O-ring makes them innocent and therefore in the branch of â€Å"public† by another definition.The Challenger explosion that occurred in 1986 was the direct result of Robert Lund’s inability to merge an engineering code of ethics with his own personal morals. To protect himself from shame and scalding, he obliviously neglected the engineering code of ethics. When asked to think like a manager, why wasn’t his conscience and responsibility as an engineer to â€Å"p ut safety first† enough to prevent the loss of seven lives? Lund’s conscience weighed his job and the reputation of Thiokol over the lives of seven astronauts because a code of ethics was physically absent. Although he initially felt that the launch should be postponed and had scientific data to justify his feelings, he was pressured into a decision without reflecting upon the engineering code of ethics. Conscience was not enough to save the astronauts lives, but if Lund had gazed over a code of ethics, his immediate reaction would have most likely been to ignore the advice of Mason, and make an ethical decision for the safety and welfare of the public.

Max Steel advert Essay Example

Max Steel advert Essay The focus in both adverts stays sharp throughout usually. In the Nancy advert when the doll is shown with the girls face the camera slowly focuses out to give the girls face a more beautiful complexion with blemish free skin. This could possibly make the child think thats what they will look like if they possess this product. Since the boys advert seems to have more of a narrative towards it the dialogue is slightly different in comparison with the girls advert. As in the boys advert the dialogue is presented by a deep gruff male voice and reads out a type of story towards the child which repeatedly puts out the products name towards the audience (possibly so the child remembers the name of the toy and tells their parents who are the more likely party to purchase the product). In girls adverts the dialogue does not really tell us a story rather than it gives the idea that this is a how young girl should act. It is presented in a very typical feminine voice, sometimes to the backing of a quiet thumping beat. We will write a custom essay sample on Max Steel advert specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Max Steel advert specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Max Steel advert specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The sound effects in the girls advert are diegetic and not many that are shown are non-diegetic for example the sound track or voice over. Some of the sounds included in the girls advert are related to the product for example, the school bell and children laughing. This gives the toy a more realistic feel to it. An opposite to this is in the boys advert, the sounds are still diegetic but are much more emphasised and action packed, for example in the Max Steel advert the sounds used are explosions and missiles been fired. A similarity between the two is that they both have background music but the difference in the two is that the Nancy advert has a more piano effect giving a form of femininity whilst the boys advert is more forte and giving a faster pace effect that people relate to masculinity. The lighting in Max Steel is a three point lighting in a fill light to knock out the shadows, possibly so that the audience isnt distracted by the shadows which could be quite distracting as the product is constantly moving in the advert. This would be a downfall, as the audience may not remember information about the product. In the Nancy advert the lighting has been put in a back light to define and enhance the product making it more appealing to the audience as the toy is the only object in the advert. The differences in the camera movement of the two adverts isnt that vast as both use a pan effect especially in the girls advert as the camera pans around the product about 180 degrees. This defines the object where as in the boys advert the camera stays fixed on the object but moves as the product moves. The camera shots in both adverts are also very similar as both stay in a long shot giving definition on the product, this is more appealing to the audience. In conclusion I find that there is a difference between boys and girls adverts that is apparent to us as an older audience but to a younger audience aged between eight and nine years they would just see it as a window into a new way of playing. The restrictions of price cost arent comprehensible to them. There is a line that splits boys adverts from girls adverts that we as an older audience can tell by sound definition whether an advert is for boys or girls without even needing a visual aid.

Notion of Human Rights essays

Notion of Human Rights essays Human rights are a product of a philosophical debate that has been argued since the beginning of mankind. Fueling this debate is the fact that many people have been unsatisfied with the notion that what is right or good is simply what a particular society or ruling elite feels is right or good at any given time. Great philosophers from the past such as Aristotle, Socrates and Thomas Aquinas focused extensively on their definition of human rights, among other ideas, and lead the way for more contemporary thinkers such as John Locke and Martin Luther King Jr. Notions of natural right were introduced by European philosophers such as Aristotle, but is was Aquinas who developed the idea more in-depth. In his Summa Theologica, he stated his belief that there were behaviors that were naturally right or wrong because God ordained it so. Aquinass theory was that God decided what limits should be placed on the human political activity. Centuries later, Thomas Hobbes offered a different view on the divine basis of natural right by describing a State of Nature in which God did not seem to play any role. Hobbes also referred to a natural right, rather than simply natural right. There was no longer just a list of behavior that was naturally right or wrong; Hobbes added that there could be some claim which was derived from nature. In Hobbes' view, this natural right was one of self-preservation. Further reinforcement of natural rights came with Immanuel Kant's writings that reacted to Hobbes' work. Kant argued that a state had to be organized through the imposition of, and obedience to, laws that appli...

How might the recent consultation on No Secrets impact on social work Essay

How might the recent consultation on No Secrets impact on social work practice in safeguarding adults Draw on your knowledge of the personalisation agenda to inform your discussion - Essay Example This paper could also be in terms of seeking to identify and execute pre-designed projects. Again, Department of Health, (DoH) the Home Office (HO) and the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) launched a national consultation on the review of the No Secrets guidance. This consultation paper was about how the public, especially vulnerable people should identify and manage risk, particularly as efforts are being made to move towards increasing choice and control for people with learning and other kinds of disabilities. Through this paper, a critical analysis is being directed on of how the recent consultation on No secrets impacted social work practice in relation to safeguarding adults. It needs to draw from knowledge of the personalisation agenda. At the outset, it is necessary to know how the national framework paper No Secrets defines vulnerable person. According to it, â€Å"A Vulnerable adult is any person aged 18 or over who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of: Thus it becomes to understand and explain about the aspects of personalisation. In effect â€Å"This means that every person who receives support, whether provided by statutory services or funded by themselves, will be empowered to shape their own lives and the services they receive in all care settings.† (An introduction to personalisation, 2008). It also means that the degree of care and standards of providing high quality health services becomes a sine quo non in as far as health services in the UK context are concerned. It could also be in terms of the fact that vulnerable persons, people who may be higher degree of susceptible to abuses, either of psychological or physical nature, need to be afforded a better degree of care and attention that normal people. This is because these vulnerable people have a lower degree of physical and mental self defense mechanism than normal

Unit 3 Case Mangaement Discussion Research Paper

Unit 3 Case Mangaement Discussion - Research Paper Example However such boundaries should not isolate or alienate the client, instead they should seek to foster a relationship based on mutual respect (Summers, 2011). Professional boundaries are an exemplary illustration of limits set primarily to protect clients. These boundaries place emphasis on case manager-client privilege protection, thus preventing the CM service provider from revealing confidential information about the client. Additionally, professional boundaries demarcate the extent of the relationship between a service provider and the client (Summers, 2011). Transference may occur when a client asks the service provider to interact with him/her socially beyond the professional environment. This occurs if the case manager reminds the client of someone special in their life. For instance, a depressed widow may get attracted to a male grief counsellor, especially if the latter has distinctive features reminding her of her late husband (Summers, 2011). A case manager of utmost competence must learn to accept transference when it occurs. This is because transference is neither good nor bad, since it is inevitable in CM relationships. Acceptance, however, does not imply that a case manager should submit to the client’s negative or positive feelings. Instead, a CM manager should strive to maintain professional boundaries (Summers,

The First Industrial Revolution Essay Example for Free

The First Industrial Revolution Essay The two most significant social consequences of the First Industrial Revolution were the emergence of the Bourgeoisie and the rise of factories. As a result of new developments in machinery and the formation of factories, the division of the labor force drastically changed. No longer were people born into their crafts; however, they were able to choose factory work as their profession, and wealthy land owners were no longer able to count on the possession of large tracts of land as a form of wealth. The land owners either transitioned into becoming factory owners, or they faced bankruptcy due to lack of production which resulted from people born on their land leaving when they came of age to seek better paying positions in factories. The specialized craftsman were being forced out of existence by factories which could not only produce better goods, but they were able to, in some cases, triple the production of products previously produced by the specialized craftsman. Many people were choosing to become machine operators because the work was easier in the sense that they were able to work in all day long instead on only daylight to dawn, and this increased production led to the formation of the Bourgeoisie. The Bourgeoisie was the newly created middle class that was all but non-existent before the First Industrial Revolution. These positions came into existence due to the increased production of products that needed to be sold to the public. The Bourgeoisie was primarily shop owners, and their ability to market products to the public resulted in their dramatic increase in wealth and status within their local communities. These shop owners basically became the intermediary between the factory owners and the local populace, and their importance resulted in a new power struggle with the Factory and land owners. The Bourgeoisie caused the explosion of Capitalism in Europe and the rest of the world. The shop owners were able to rise above poverty by being able to supply everyone with goods that were previously only available to the wealthy. Being able to provide these items as a result of factories increased the wealth and influence of the Middle class businessmen, and Capitalism was born. Industrial Revolution and Capitalism In a nut shell, Price claimed the Industrial Revolution created the division of labor (2004). The Division of Labor is perfectly encapsulated by the Henry Ford model of the assembly line (Price, 2004). Each worker on the assembly line only needs to know how to attach or inspect the operation of their assigned part on to the object as a whole, and not how to assemble the entire product. This allows for any unskilled person to be taught how to attach their doodad onto the doohickey without knowing what the doohickey does or operates. This is capitalism in the basic form of the ideal. Capitalism desires economic efficiency, thus the assembly line is a perfect example of the rise of unskilled factory workers and the decline of skilled craftsmen during the industrial revolution and the rise of capitalism. The rise of Capitalism assisted in increasing the chasm which already existed between the wealthy and the poor. The newly created middle class also rapidly becoming wealthy as a result of the new commerce, and were able to spend more time perusing the leisure activities before only enjoyed by the rich. Capitalism naturally had it opposition from all sides, the wealthy, the middle class, and the increasingly poor. This opposition was able to take root within the poor and lower middle class as they were the ones who were not able to benefit from the huge profits caused by inflation increasing faster than wages. The new theory of communism was developed from the combination of feudalism and Asia produced items. The Link between Communism and Capitalism and the Development of Communistic Theory The disparity between the classes, the rich and the poor, was increasing by leaps and bounds every day. The demand of the rich factory owners to increase production thus increasing profits without any concern for the actual workers and their working conditions could be linked to Karl marks theory of communism (Price, 2004). The development of Communist theory naturally grew out of the ill-treatment of workers participating in Capitalism (Gates, 2011). Factory workers were dehumanized, dishonored, and treated as possessions by the factory owners (Gates, 2011). The consequences of the deplorable conditions of the employees created fertile beds for the theory of communism to take root and germinate (Steven, 2009) In Capitalism, individuals can earn wealth, own their own property, and production abilities, and everyone has the right to produce products. In Communism, the wealth, property, and production all belong to the state and are communal property. Communism vacuums up all the land, assigns someone to manage the production, and dictates what will be produced, for example: corn, wheat, or beans. At harvest time, the crops are harvested, processed, and shipped out to the central distribution warehouses to be doled out at the leisure of the state and not necessarily as needs demand. The people who grew and harvested the crops do not get to keep any for their personal use. In Capitalism, each individual or corporation owns the land, decides what is to be grown, and who ever can afford to purchase the harvested product can purchase it, and some or all is kept for the use of the owners. Communism does not encourage free thought of the individuals as they might realize that there could be profit to be made. Capitalism encourages individuals to think for themselves. This freedom of thought allows for each person to have the ability to encounter a problem, and creatively generate a solution that might benefit others for the right price. These two differences are what have allowed Capitalism to flourish over the past several centuries, and doomed Communism for failure almost before it was allowed to germinate as a viable way of life. References Gates, L. (2011, March 11). capitalism/communism History Discussion. Study Guides, Lesson Plans, Homework Help, Answers More enotes.com. Retrieved January 5, 2013, from http://www.enotes.com/history/discuss/capitalism-communism-93289 Price, R. G. (2004, January 29). Division of Labor, Assembly Line Thought The Paradox of Democratic Capitalism. rationalrevolution.net Making sense of history, economics, politics, philosophy, and war. Retrieved January 5, 2013, from http://rationalrevolution.net/articles/division_of_labor.htm Steven (2009, December 14). Capitalism and communism Gilles Dauv | libcom.org. libcom.org. Retrieved January 5, 2013, from http://libcom.org/library/capitalism-communism-gilles-dauve

A Little Mistake - Original Writing :: Papers

A Little Mistake - Original Writing â€Å"Alex please report to the office, Alex to the office please,† blared over the loudspeaker into the English classroom. â€Å"Ooooooooohhhhhh!!!† the class replied in standard form, implying I must be in trouble. But I was in trouble and I knew it. I walked to the office and waited in a chair for the assistant principal to come and lecture me about how what I did was wrong. However, I wasn’t wrong, at least I didn’t think so. Tick-tock, tick-tock, seconds seemed like hours as I waited for my dreaded sentence. (What would it be? Detention for a week? A month? A year?) From one of the back offices, a big dark shadow moved closer to me. Suddenly, the shadow became Mr. Schuler, standing in front of me. â€Å"Alex, come in my office, please,† he said in his stern tone. Following him into the office, I felt like a midget next to his giant stature and was intimidated from all of the rumors that he was as strict as Miss. Trunchbell from Maltilda with his punishments. Mr. Schuler sat down shuffled through the disciplinary form that had been filed for me. â€Å"It says here that you left class without the teachers permission.† â€Å"Yes, that’s†¦part†¦of†¦what†¦happened,† I stuttered, while trying to hold back the tears from running down my face. It was my first time ever really getting in trouble at school and I feared my parents would kill me, plus sitting across from the beast we referred to as Mr. Schuler was a pretty intimidating situation of its own. â€Å"You know that was wrong, don’t you?† he replied. â€Å"Yeah,† I said, composing myself, â€Å"but there is an explanation for it. You see, I was working on this project and someone thought I was being mean to them, so they ripped up the paper that I had written all my notes on and I started yelling so the sub hollered at me to go to the office and I left the classroom and was going to come to the office

Health Promotion Essay

This essay will begin by discussing the different definitions of health that have been put forward, and will also discuss the necessity of health promoters to be able to understand why there are differing definitions of health and the importance of the difference in our understanding of what health means to the individual. There have been many definitions of health, which include phrases such as ‘absence of disease’, and ‘ability to cope’. The World Health Organisation (WHO) (1946) gave its definition of health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. However, it is very difficult to define health due to its complexity and broadness. Health and well-being can be described as the absence of physical illness, disease and mental distress. This is a negative definition of health and well-being, as it is impossible for a person to free from illness or disease. Health and well-being can also be described as the achievement and maintenance of physical fitness and mental stability. This is a positive definition of health and well-being or health and well-being as being a result of a combination of physical, social, intellectual and emotional factors. Stimson and Webb (1975) carried out research which suggested that people have their own private comments on their own ill health, compared to what they chose to tell their doctors. The research indicated that people did not always believe or accept the medical explanation given for their illness. The study suggests people hold their own views and hold their own explanations for ill health. (Doyal. L. at el. (1991) A Theory of Human Need. London. Macmillan) Health promoters have to collect a significant amount of information before they can put out a campaign on a particular disease. They have to look at health models and their approaches and even statistical information from CENSUS reports, death certificates, survey’s, and even General Practitioner (GP) records and so on. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defined health promotion as ‘enabling people to gain control over their lives’ (WHO 1986). There are four approaches to take in to consideration before putting together a health promotion campaign, and they are: The medical approach: this focuses on activity which aims to reduce morbidity and premature morbidity. Activity is targeted towards whole populations of high-risk groups. This kind of health promotion seeks to increase medical interventions which will prevent ill health and premature death. The medical approach is conceptualised around the absence of disease. It does not seek to promote positive health, for example ‘Smoking advertisement’, smoking adverts only advertise damage the body will develop through regular inhalation of tobacco. This kind of promotion can be criticised for ignoring the social and environmental dimensions of health. In addition, the medical approach encourages dependency on medical knowledge and removes health decisions from people concerned. The medical approach also relies on having an infrastructure capable of delivering screening or an immunisation programme. This includes trained personnel, equipment, laboratory facilities, and information systems which determine who is eligible for the procedure and record uptake rates. And in the case of immunisation, a vaccine which is effective and safe. The educational approach: the purpose of this approach is to provide knowledge and information, and to develop the necessary skills so that people can make their own informed choice regarding their health behaviour. The educational approach should be distinguished from a behaviour change approach, and that it does not set out to persuade or motivate change in a particular direction. However, this will be the service user’s voluntary choice, and it may not be the one the health promoter would prefer. The educational approach is based on a set of assumptions about the relationship between knowledge and behaviour: that by increasing knowledge, there will be a change in attitudes which may lead to a change in behaviour towards a healthier lifestyle. To provide educational information to clients regarding health and well-being, provisions would have to be put in place, through the following resources: leaflets, booklets, visual displays or one-to-one advice with their own GP. By providing these sources this may provide opportunities for people to share and explore their own attitudes towards health education. Empowerment: This approach helps people to identify their own concerns and gain the skills and confidence and for the person to act upon them. Social change: this approach recognises the importance of social-economic environment’s in determining health. Its focus is at the policy or environmental level, and the aim is to bring about changes in the physical, social and economic environment which will have the effect of promoting health. This approach will also look at social class, the promoter will take in to consideration people’s gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, working, unemployed and so on. Basically the social approach will look at theories that are linked to social class and determine whether or not, that poverty and low social class are the reasons for high mortality rates linked to a specific disease. This is when the promoter will now go away and put together his/her campaign. The Acheson Report (1998) shows that there is an existence of health inequalities and their association to social class, in this report there is data, even though there is a down fall in mortality, the superior classes take in to account more rapid mortality deterioration. Also The Black Report (1980) shows that there are higher levels of poverty in the lower class and higher death rates due to ill health, the higher social class live in a more advanced area which is much more suitable for living conditions, but in contrast to that, people who live in a higher class seem to live in the centre of a city which is much more prone to pollution. LO2 Whether we come from poverty, working class or a higher class background, there are many health influences all around us, for example the environment we live in can influence our health; for instance, living with a partner who is controlling can impact on the stability of mental health, living in a city centre can influence poor health due to pollution (inhalation of fumes from motor vehicles and fuel plants). Although living in a higher class society can have a positive effect on better healthcare, there are still factors of negative influences on health and well-being. Smoking, eating the wrong types of food, lack of exercise, no socialisation, alcohol, misuse of drugs, all these things can have an enormous negative effect on our health and well-being. However eating the correct foods (5 ADAY) and consuming the correct portion size as well as combining at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day can have a great deal of positive’s upon our lifestyle. For instance exercise is good for the brain as well as the body. According to NHS Choices (2013) ‘by eating five portions of fruit or vegetables and just 30 minutes of activity a day, will increase the secretion of Serotonin within our brains’. Serotonin is a hormone found in the brain, it influences our mood, sexual function, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation, and some social behaviour. So we could say the more Serotonin we produce the healthier the brain becomes, which results in a happier you. LO3 For the third and final part of this essay I am going to talk about the political side of health promotion within the UK and take a look across the globe at other parts of the world. Health Promotion is everywhere we look, especially in the media. We see it every day in the news whether it be on the television or in the newspapers. Health Promoters plan and develop ways to help people to change their eating and exercise habits to improve their way of life. There are lots of Health Promoters today that campaign against unhealthy living. Health Promoters give you guidance to a healthier lifestyle whether it is help with eating habits, smoking, alcohol intake, oral health, physical activity and mental health. Each and every one of us will indulge ourselves in to a habit and put ourselves at risk of chronic diseases at some point in our lives. According to Dr Robert Beaglehole (2011) â€Å"The real tragedy is that more hasn’t been done to avoid this epidemic, as overweight and obesity, and their related chronic diseases, are largely preventable†. Approximately 80% of heart disease, stroke, type 2 Diabetes, and 40% of cancer could be avoided through healthy diet, regular physical activity and avoidance of tobacco use. † This is why Health Promotional campaigns are important, as it gives us a better outlook on life and can also expand our lives too (Huffington Post) 2011. Health promotion is an important element of the government’s health agenda. On forming a new government, the new labour set public health policies in line with its health agenda. Out of this rose a new white paper Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation, which sets ambitious targets for life expectancy to be increased, and inequalities in health to be reduced. The Labour Government plan to achieve this through its public health policy in a â€Å"third way† (Connelly 1999). ‘Labour’s policies are aimed at strengthening communities, and encouraging individuals to seize opportunities and take responsibility for their action’. The Government hopes to improve the health of individuals by reducing health inequalities through health promotion. By doing so the Government will look at a range of different sources of information before they decide the need of a health promotion campaign. The Government have their own facilities to obtain information such as up to date statistical evidence via the website www. direct. gov/statistics . They can also obtain information from Registry Offices, such as marriage certificates, death certificates and birth certificates. By doing so, the Government will acquire accurate results to continue lobbying the new health promotion campaign needed to address the UK to improve quality of life. Before the campaign can be given the go ahead to become a final document, the Government have to look for ethical errors. For instance is the health promotion campaign fair to all people who are involved, meaning, does the campaign aim its information at all service users or is it aimed at a particular generation, gender, culture and so on. For a health care promotion to be respected it has to be aimed at everyone regardless of the persons background. By involving all service users, promoters can eliminate discrimination and visually display that equality and diversity are no longer an issue within our society especially in the health care sector.

Organizational Culture Organizational Behavior Diversity

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR DIVERSITY COMMUNICATION ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND GROUP DYNAMICS MGT/307 July 20, 2010 Organizational Culture is the system of shared actions, values, and beliefs that has developed within an organization and guides the behavior of its members. Organizational Development consists of special applications of knowledge gained from behavioral science to create a comprehensive design to improve organizational effectiveness. Through the collective experiences, the members of an organization solve two important survival issues. The first issue addresses external adaption which deals with reaching goals, how they are to be accomplished, the methods to be used to achieve these goals,†¦show more content†¦Some strategy to help strengthen the organization call for managers to modify observable cultures such as shared values, and common assumptions directly. Most organizations contain a variety of subcultures, and a few have countercultures that can become the source of potentially harmful conflicts. The corporate culture will also reflect the values of the larger nation al culture. The first step management must take is to first recognize an organized culture’s subculture. Subculture’s management are referred to in the OB literature by the term â€Å"Management Philosophy.† Management Philosophies link key goal related issues with key collaboration issues and develops guidelines by which the firm will manage its affairs. It is important to have a well developed management philosophy because it links strategy to a more basic understanding of how the firm is to operate. These strategies are; (1) to establish understood boundaries for all members of the firm, (2) to provide a consistent way of approaching new and novel situations, and (3) to help hold individuals together by assuring them of a known path toward success. Managers may and can modify aspects of culture which include; modifying the language, stories, rites, rituals, and sagas. They often will change the lessons to be drawn from the stories told and even encourage p eople to see the reality they see. Because of top management’s position, senior managers can interpret situations in new waysShow MoreRelatedEssay on Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts1024 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavior of employees within any organization is paramount to the success or failure of that organization. The study of organizational behavior is a science with its own vocabulary and terminology. 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